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福尔图娜

福尔图娜支配着人生循环的四个阶段,“布兰诗歌手稿”中的机运之轮

福尔图娜拉丁語Fortūna,又譯福耳圖娜)是罗马神话中的幸運女神,以及運氣的擬人化形象,相当于希腊神话中的堤喀。其形象通常为手持车轮的女子。一般认为是众神之王朱庇特的女儿。

福尔图娜一词源自“Ferre”,意为“多产”、“增殖”。因此,她最初并非幸福女神,而是丰收女神,母亲、妇女的保护神。她作为果实女神受到果农的崇拜。她的节日在6月11日,与司丰产和生儿育女的玛图塔圣母的节日在同一天[1],未婚妻们把自己的衣服献给“少女的福尔图娜,感谢她使科里俄拉诺斯饶恕了罗马城。她还特别保护只结了一次婚的女人。在奥维德的《岁时记》中和普卢塔克的著作中,都说是国王塞耳维乌斯·图利乌斯把对福尔图娜的崇拜引进了罗马。因为由于福尔图娜对他特别青睐,使他这个女奴之子做了国王。他为女神修建了几处圣殿。后来大概是在普赖斯忒把她作为送子女神加以崇拜的影响下,福尔图娜才逐惭成为了幸福和机运、成功女神。随着社会的发展,对福尔图娜的崇拜分化,出现了带有各种别名的福尔图娜[2]

她的形象为一个少女,手握聚宝角,正在撒落金币,有时蒙着双目,站在象征祸福无常的球体和车轮上。她常常出现在钱币、印章、辟邪物和各种艺术品上。

参阅资料

  1. ^ 奥维德:《岁时记》
  2. ^ 《世界神话辞典》:第964页,辽宁人民出版社,1989年

外部連結

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福尔图娜
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