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雅努斯

雅努斯胸像,梵蒂冈博物馆

雅努斯拉丁語IANVS (Iānus ) [ˈjaːnʊs] )是罗马神话中开端、大门、选择、过渡、时间、对偶[1]、道路、门框和结尾的神。他通常被描述成有前后两张面孔,展望着过去和未来;也有描述成四方四个面孔的。传统上认为,公历的1月是以Janus( Ianuarius )命名的。[2]根据古罗马农民的年历, 朱诺被误认为是该月的神祇,但其实际上是六月的守护神。 [3]

罗马士兵出征时,都要从象征雅努斯的拱门下穿过,发展成四方双拱门,后来欧洲各国的凯旋门形式都是由此而来。雅努斯是罗马本土最原始的神。

1981年日本漫畫家宮脇明子以此神話人物創作「雅努斯之鏡(ヤヌスの鏡)」,並於1985年及2019年兩度被改編為電視連續劇。

参考资料

  1. ^ Varro apud Augustine De Civitate Dei VII 9 and 3; Servius Aen. I 449; Paulus ex Festus s. v. Chaos p. 45 L
  2. ^ Forsythe, Time in Roman Religion, p. 14.
  3. ^ H.H. Scullard, Festivals and Ceremonies of the Roman Republic (Cornell University Press, 1981), p. 51.
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雅努斯
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