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硝酰氟

硝酰氟
硝酰氟 结构式
硝酰氟 空间填充模型
识别
CAS号 10022-50-1  checkY
PubChem 66203
ChemSpider 59588
SMILES
 
  • [N+](=O)([O-])F
InChI
 
  • 1/FNO2/c1-2(3)4
InChIKey JVJQPDTXIALXOG-UHFFFAOYAU
EINECS 233-021-0
性质
化学式 NO2F
摩尔质量 65.0039 g·mol⁻¹
熔点 -166 °C
沸点 -72 °C
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

硝酰氟化学式:NO2F)是最常见的硝酰盐之一。它首先由莫瓦桑于1905年制得。[1][2][3]

性质

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硝酰氟与硝酸根离子是等电子体,也为平面结构。通常状态下为无色气体,共价性较强,熔点-166°C,沸点-72.5°C,N-F键长135pm,偶极矩0.47D。[4]ΔHf°(298K)为-80kJ/mol,ΔGf°(298K)为-37.2kJ/mol。溶于氟化氢时,完全离解为直线型的 [NO2]+ 离子。[5]

硝酰氟是很强的氧化剂氟化剂,同時有很強的硝化性,可以将大部分金属转化为相应的氧化物氟化物氟氧化物,也可以与大部分非金属反应,生成硝酰盐,與有機物反應則生成對應的硝基取代物。比如它与金属反应时,会生成氧化锌氟化锌的混合物,而与金属反应,则生成铬酰氟(CrO2F2)。

反应,先生成三氟化硼,进一步反应生成氟硼酸硝酰

硝酰氟也可作为 F 供体。它与三氧化硫反应,可以得到 NO2(SO3F);[6]七氟化碘反应,生成 [NO2]+[IF8]。此外硝酰氟也可作配体,不过对应的配合物较为罕见。

制备

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可通过氟气直接对二氧化氮亚硝酸盐进行氟化制得:

也可用三氟化钴为氟化剂,在300°C与二氧化氮反应:

用途

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用作火箭推进剂中的氧化剂。[7]

参见

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参考资料

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  1. ^ Moissan, H.; Lebeau, P., C. R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. 1940, 1573 (1905).
  2. ^ Moissan, H.; Lebeau, P., C. R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. 1940, 1621 (1905).
  3. ^ Moissan, H.; Lebeau, P., Ann. Chim. Phys. 9, 221 (1906).
  4. ^ Cotton, F. Albert; Wilkinson, Geoffrey (1988), Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed.), New York: Wiley-Interscience, p. 333, ISBN 0-471-84997-9
  5. ^ Griffiths, J. E.; Sunder, W. A. J. Fluorine Chem. 6, 533 (1975).
  6. ^ Schmutzler, R., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 7, 440 (1968).
  7. ^ Merck Index, 13th edition (2001), p.1193
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硝酰氟
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