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白云宗

白云宗中国佛教华严宗的支派,由孔清觉北宋宋徽宗大观年间创建于浙江杭州白云庵,一度势力冠于江南。明朝成立后被禁止。

沿革

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白云宗以华严经为经典,号召三教归一,孔清觉自称孔子后代,将原佛教四果位发展成为“四果十地”,反对禅宗思想,被禅宗视为邪教,起初一度遭禁[1]

南宋时白云宗获得合法地位,以提倡菜食、不娶妻子为主要教义,吸引在家信众。之后在流行过程中,白云宗戒律趋于松弛,一些上层分子勾结权势,并借故敛财。宋宁宗庆元嘉泰年间,再一次遭到禁止。

元朝灭南宋后,白云宗势力进一步发展,徒众多达数十万人,皆以出家为名不纳赋税。于是元成宗大德七年(1303年),中央政府令白云宗田产依例输租,徒众与民一体负担赋役。经过整顿后,元武宗至大元年(1308年),白云宗再次获得合法地位。元仁宗延祐二年(1315年),白云宗宗主沈明仁一度被授予荣禄大夫、司空等荣职。但不久,元朝政府再度出手打击白云宗。延祐六年(1319年),沈明仁坐罪入狱。延祐七年(1320年),朝廷诏籍白云宗僧者还俗。元英宗至治三年(1323年),又籍没白云宗田[2]

明朝成立后白云宗被严禁,不久瓦解,其徒众部分加入白莲教

延伸阅读

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参考

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  1. ^ 周良霄著. 元史. 上海:上海人民出版社. 2019.01: 790–791. ISBN 978-7-208-15319-6. 
  2. ^ 朱建伟著. 中国古代邪教的形态与治理. 北京:知识产权出版社. 2018.02: 262–263. ISBN 978-7-5130-5403-4. 
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白云宗
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