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电位差计

电位差计(Potentiometer)是一种精密测量电路中電壓的仪表,其准确度比电压表要高得多。[1]约翰·克里斯特安·波根多夫英语Johann Christian Poggendorff于1841年左右研究了电位差计,它此后成为了电位差的标准测实验室量方法。[2]电位差计与适当电路结合,可以用来测量电动势、电压、电阻、电流。[1]电位差计的工作原理是补偿法,不在电路中分流,因而克服了一般的电压表在测量原理上无法克服的缺陷(即,理想电压表具有无穷大的内阻)。

电位差计首先需要由标准电池校准,使电位差计内部的线圈两端加载标准电池的电压。线圈上的滑片与线圈的一端之间具有分压,可配以检流计将它与待测电势差做比较。检流计中若有电流流过,则需要通过移动滑片以调整分压,直至检流计示零,此时的分压即为待测电势差。分压可由滑片位置计算得来。

补偿法的原理在电学测量与其他领域中具有重要的应用。

参考资料

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 孙为等, 大学物理实验. 东营:中国石油大学出版社,2007.6. ISBN 978-7-5636-2416-4
  2. ^ Potentiometer页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) , 最近访问 2012年3月17日
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电位差计
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