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电分析法.
电分析法(electroanalytical method)是分析化学中的一类技术,借由测量含分析物的电化学电池之电位、电流来研究分析物[1]。
电分析化学(electroanalytical chemistry)则是分析化学的分支学科,其根据物质的电化学性质进行物质分析与测量。
電分析法利用測量樣品的電位、電流和電阻(或導電度),以分析樣品中待測物組成及濃度的方法。電分析法測定的結果,是得自電極表面接觸的局部樣品,所以分析結果存在著異質性(heterogeneity),任何會影響到待測物移動電極表面的因素皆會反映在測定結果中。在電化學相關理論中,待測物的行為與其活性有關而非濃度,但實際操作上則往往必須以濃度表達,當離子濃度較高時,活性與濃度之間的差異較明顯,故樣品溶液的離子強度較高時,需進行必要的控制措施。
依据国际纯粹与应用化学联合会(IUPAC)的推荐电化学分析分为三类:
- 既不涉及双电层,也不涉及电极的反应,如电导测定法;
- 涉及双电层现象但不考虑电极反应;
- 涉及电极反应;这一类又分为:
- (1)涉及电极反应,施加恒定的激发信号,如库仑法等。
- (2)涉及电极反应施加可变的大振幅或小振幅激发的信号,如极谱法等。
电化学使用的电分析法主要包括:
- ^ Bard, Allen J.; Larry R. Faulkner. Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications 2. Wiley. 2000-12-18. ISBN 978-0-471-04372-0.
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