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清规

清规一般是指宗教——尤其是佛教道教,對於信仰者所制定的對於生活、儀式和信仰上的種種戒律、規定。在同一種宗教中,不同宗派甚至不同的寺廟、宮觀、會堂等,就會有不同的清規。後引申在社会人伦、组织、生活礼节等方面的规定,有时含贬义。

概论

清规一词的字面意思是清净的规定,即戒律;佛教百丈怀海禅师立下汉传佛教禪門丛林制度,始称丛林制度和戒律爲“清规”[1]。後道教学习佛教僧团体制建立道教戒律,亦称清规。自此,清规以佛教、道教戒律爲主要含义。

清规一词後來也被用來指涉其他類型的組織架构,如家族學校社會團體中對於人伦、生活和禮節上較嚴格的規定。在汉语语境下,也有含贬义的用法,形容死板、僵硬、泥古不化的规定。

佛教清规

唐朝禅师百丈怀海制定《百丈清规》,用于约束和规范汉地禅宗僧人的戒行和寺院生活。後成爲汉传佛教的通用清规。

日本佛教也有自己的清规,在明末清初赴日传教的临济宗僧人隱元隆琦,在日本创建了黄檗宗,制定了《黄檗清规》,对日本佛教各宗派的戒律影响甚深。

道教戒律

注释

  1. ^ 《释门正统》:百丈山怀海禅师始立天下禅林规式,谓之清规。
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清规
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