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氰化镉

氰化镉
IUPAC名
氰化镉(II)
识别
CAS号 542-83-6 ?
PubChem 68335
ChemSpider 61630
SMILES
 
  • [Cd+2].[C-]#N.[C-]#N
InChI
 
  • 1/2CN.Cd/c2*1-2;/q2*-1;+2
InChIKey NHMJUOSYSOOPDM-UHFFFAOYAI
性质
化学式 Cd(CN)2
摩尔质量 164.45 g/mol g·mol⁻¹
外观 白色立方晶体
密度 2.226 g/cm3
溶解性 1.71 g/100 mL (15 °C)
2.2 g/100 mL (20 °C)
溶解性 微溶于乙醇
可溶于碱金属的氰化物和氢氧化物溶液
相关物质
其他阴离子 氟化镉
氯化镉
溴化镉
碘化镉
其他阳离子 氰化锌
氰化汞
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

氰化镉是一种无机化合物化学式为Cd(CN)2。它是白色晶体,加热变为褐色,剧毒,用于电镀[1]

制备

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氰化镉由氢氧化镉氢氰酸溶液反应制备,浓缩得到晶体[2][3][4]

Cd(OH)2 + 2 HCN → Cd(CN)2 + 2 H2O

化学性质

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氰化镉在200℃以上分解。[3][5]

配合物

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氰化镉溶于氰化钾溶液,生成[Cd(CN)4]2-,这种配合物可以被硫化氢破坏:

Cd(CN)2 + 2 CN(过量) → [Cd(CN)4]2-
[Cd(CN)4]2- + H2S → CdS↓ + 2 HCN + 2 CN-[6]

Cd2+—CN-的相关物理化学数据如下表:

Cd2+—CN-配合物的稳定常数及形成常数表
n 1 2 3 4
lgKn 5.48 5.14 4.56 3.58
lgβn 5.54 10.54 15.26 18.78
氰合镉配离子的热力学数据
CdCN+ [Cd(CN)3]- [Cd(CN)4]2-
ΔGf°(H2O,1mol·L-1) 64.5 355 507.9
ΔHf°(H2O,1mol·L-1) 428.3kJ·mol-1
S°(H2O,1mol·L-1) 322J·(mol·K)-1

应用

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氰化镉曾被用于镉的电镀。[7]

参考资料

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  1. ^ Lide, David R. (编), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 87th, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2006, ISBN 0-8493-0487-3 
  2. ^ Karl-Heinz Schulte-Schrepping, Magnus Piscator "Cadmium and Cadmium Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2007 Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a04_499.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 《无机化学丛书》.第六卷 卤素 铜分族 锌分族. 科学出版社. P579. 3.12.3 拟卤化镉. 1.氰化镉[Cd(CN)2]
  4. ^ 《无机化合物制备手册》.朱文祥 主编. 化学工业出版社. P805. 【XVII-197】氰化镉(Cadmium cyanide)
  5. ^ 《化学化工物性数据手册》(无机卷). 青岛化工学院 等编. 化学工业出版社. 6.1 氰化物. ISBN 7-5025-3591-8
  6. ^ 《无机化学反应方程式手册》. 曹忠良 等编. 湖南科学技术出版社. 第七章 锌分族. 7.2 镉
  7. ^ 王士璠. 镀镉法[J]. 《化学世界》. 1952年02期

扩展阅读

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  • S. Wernick. The Stability of Cadmium Cyanide Plating Solutions[J]. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1931 volume 60, issue 1, 129-142. DOI: 10.1149/1.3497854
  • Takafumi Kitazawa. The structure of the mineralomimetic cadmium cyanide-dimethyl carbonate clathrate[J]. Journal of inclusion phenomena and molecular recognition in chemistry 1996, Volume 26, Issue 1-3, pp 153-159. DOI 10.1007/BF01029939
  • 李春华. 国内离子交换法处理氰化镉废水的现状及改进意见[J]. 《离子交换与吸附》.1994年 第5期
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氰化镉
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