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氰酸盐

此條目缺少或没有列出参考或来源,或者有未能查证的内容。 (2013年5月14日)維基百科所有的內容都應該可供查證,化学类条目亦需严谨。请协助添加来自可靠来源的引用以改善这篇化学类条目无法查证的内容可能被提出异议而移除。
氰酸根离子的空间填充模型

氰酸盐氰酸根离子OCN的盐,负电荷主要在氮原子上。例如氰酸钾KOCN。

氰酸酯是含有OCN官能团有机化合物

氰酸根离子具有以下两个共振式氰酸根离子共振式

因此共振杂化体可以下式表示: 氰酸根离子共振杂化体

氰酸根离子与二氧化碳等电子体,也为直线型结构。与氰离子相比,氰酸根离子毒性非常低,很多情况下都是将剧毒的氰化物氧化成微毒的氰酸盐处理掉,常使用高锰酸盐作为氧化剂

亲核取代反应中,氰酸根离子是两位亲核试剂,既可在氧端进攻生成氰酸酯R-OCN(少),也可于氮端进攻生成异氰酸酯R-NCO(主要)。芳基氰酸酯(C6H5OCN)可用氯化氰在碱存在下反应制备。

雷酸根离子[ONC]是氰酸根离子的結構異構體

参见

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  • 氰酸酯
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氰酸盐
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