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楞伽師

楞伽師,又稱南天竺一乘宗[1]南宗[2],是研習《楞伽經》的僧侶,屬於真常唯心的如來藏學派之一,曾經短暫存在於南北朝時期。

在中國傳統佛教中沒有楞伽師,也沒有楞伽宗的說法。胡適在《中國禪宗史》中最早提出了楞伽宗這個名稱,認為這是一個獨立宗派,為禪宗的前身。呂澂在《中國佛學源流略講》指出「初期禪宗從達磨到神秀都很重視《楞伽經》,甚至因此可以稱他們為楞伽師。」。

歷史

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始於南朝宋中天竺僧求那跋陀羅(又稱跋陀)譯出《楞伽阿跋多羅寶經》四卷。由於求那跋陀羅譯出楞伽經楞伽師資記推為初祖。後來,菩提達摩以此四卷《楞伽》傳授門徒,成為禪宗/達磨宗的開端[3]

早期的楞伽師主要活動在中國北方,以修行頭陀行為主,重視實踐與禪定,人數並不多,也沒有很大的影響力。北周武帝滅佛時,楞伽師南下,將楞伽宗南傳,與南方重視義理的佛教風氣相激盪,於是形成了後世的禪宗

註釋

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  1. ^ 道宣《續高僧傳》卷25〈釋法沖〉:「又遇可師親傳授者,依南天竺一乘宗講之,又得百遍。其經本是宋代求那跋陀羅三藏翻,慧觀法師筆受。」
  2. ^ 淨覺《注般若波羅蜜多心經》〈皇四從伯中散大夫行金州長史李知非略序〉:「古禪訓曰:宋太祖之時,求那跋陀羅三藏禪師,以楞伽傳燈。起自南天竺國,名曰南宗。次傳菩提達摩禪師,次傳可禪師。」
  3. ^ 《楞伽師資記》:「魏朝三藏法師菩提達摩,承求那跋陀羅三藏後。」
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楞伽師
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