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桓郁

桓郁,字仲恩沛國龍亢人,東漢官員,儒學名士太常桓榮之子。

生平

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桓郁年少時就因為父親的關係而擔任郎官,他的性格敦厚,篤於學問,盡得父親所傳業藝,作《尚書》教授,門徒常有數百人。父親桓榮死後,桓郁襲爵,他曾上書婉拒而不被漢明帝接納。由於桓郁是明帝的老師之子,因此明帝對他甚為禮讓親厚,經常與他講論經書,詢問政事。其後桓郁遷任侍中。明帝自編《五家要說章句》,亦令桓郁在宣明殿進行校訂工作。

永平十五年(公元72年),桓郁奉命入宮向太子傳授經學,累遷越騎校尉,明帝更下詔敕令太子、諸王都要送上賀禮恭喜桓郁。桓郁在宮中,多進忠言,其意見經常受到接納採用。漢章帝即位後,桓郁以母親亡故的原因乞辭,章帝便下詔讓桓郁以侍中之身為母親服喪。建初二年(公元77年),桓郁遷任屯騎校尉。

漢和帝即位後,侍中竇憲為了表現其外戚身分之威權,便想監督年輕的和帝學習經書,於是向他的妹妹皇太后竇后上疏說:「昔五更桓榮,親為帝師,子郁,結髮敦尚,繼傳父業,故再以校尉入授先帝,父子給事禁省,更歷四世,今白首好禮,經行篤備。……宜令郁、方並入教授,以崇本朝,光示大化。」召桓郁、劉方能入宮教授和帝經學。於是桓郁遷任長樂少府,再次入宮侍講。不久轉任侍中奉車都尉永元四年(公元92年),代丁鴻出任太常。永元五年(公元93年),桓郁病逝。

桓郁曾擔任兩代漢帝的老師,甚受恩寵,前後獲賞賜達數百千萬之厚,顯於當世。他的門人楊震朱寵,皆位至三公。他的父親桓榮曾向朱普學習章句,共得四十萬字,但這批章句浮辭繁長,多過其實。桓榮入宮後將章句裁減至二十三萬字。桓郁後來再進一步刪省定成十二萬字。於是當時便有《桓君大小太常章句》傳世。

後代

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桓郁的子孫均有名譽於當代。

參考資料

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後漢書·桓郁傳》

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桓郁
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