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神农本草经

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神農本草經》,簡稱《本草經》,是现存最早的中药学专著,作者相传为神農氏,约成书于时期。書內記載的藥物凡365種,分上品、中品和下品三品。原书早已佚失。南朝陶弘景为《神農本草經》做注,并补充《名醫別錄》,編定《本草經集注》共七卷,把藥物的品種數目增加至七百三十多種。清朝孫星衍将《神农本草经》考订辑复,成为现在通行本。

《神农本草经》为中国现存较早的药物学重要文献,本书把药分为三品:认为无毒的称上品为,毒性小的称中品为,毒性剧烈的称下品为佐使

成書問題

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漢書·藝文志》登載了「《神農黃帝食禁》七卷」與「《神農》二十篇」兩種文獻,前者歸屬於「經方家」,後者則為「農家」,東漢的班固解釋「《神農》二十篇」為六國時期諸子擔心諸侯荒怠農事,故託言是神農所作,成書於西漢之前的「《神農》二十篇」並不是登載各種草石功效的《神農本草經》。

孫星衍認為這部書或有可能源自神農黃帝之時,當時雖無文字,但藥石知識相傳不絕,經過歷代名家修訂、增補(例如:吳普的《神農本草》六卷),屢有闕佚,今本遠非古本之舊。

大致上,西漢已有「本草」之名,亦有託言「神農、黃帝」之食禁書、經方家言,這雖為今本《神農本草經》之濫觴,但已非古本《神農黃帝食禁》面貌。

参考文献

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神农本草经
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