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希爾伯特第七問題

希爾伯特第七問題希爾伯特的23個問題之一,此問題涉及無理數超越數

命題敘述

給定以下兩個等價[1]敘述:

  1. 等腰三角形中,若底角和頂角的比值為無理數的代数数,則底邊和側邊長度的比值是否恆為超越數?
  2. 是无理数且为代数数、是非的代数数,那么(例如=)是否恆為超越数?

問題的解決

第二個問題已于1934年由蘇聯數學家阿勒克山德·格爾豐德俄语Гельфонд, Александр Осипович證明,德國數學家西奧多·施耐德也在1935年獨立證明此問題,他們證明的結果即為格尔丰德-施奈德定理是無理數的條件是必要的,否則若a是代數數,b是有理數,一定是代數數)。

若以廣義的觀點來看,這是通用的對數線性形(linear form in logarithms)的一個例子

格尔丰德曾研究對數線性形,後來被艾倫·貝克解決了,此稱為是格尔丰德猜想或是貝克定理英语Baker's theorem。艾倫·貝克憑藉此一成果獲得1970年的菲爾茲獎

在第二個問題成立後,也意味著第一個問題成立。

參照

參考資料

  1. ^ Feldman; Nesterenko. Number Theory IV. Parshin, A. N. (编). Transcendental Numbers. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. 1998: 146–147. ISBN 978-3-540-61467-8. 

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希爾伯特第七問題
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