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始鏡猴科

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始镜猴科
化石时期:始新世漸新世
懸猴化石
无效状况
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 哺乳纲 Mammalia
目: 灵长目 Primates
亚目: 简鼻亚目 Haplorrhini
科: 始镜猴科 Omomyidae
亞科
  • 懸猴亞科 Anaptomorphinae
  • 小鼠猴亞科 Microchoerinae
  • 鼠猴亞科 Omomyinae

始鏡猴科(学名:Omomyidae)是5500-3400萬年前始新世滅絕靈長目。始鏡猴科的化石北美洲歐洲亞洲非洲都有發現。始鏡猴科是始新世分佈在全北區的兩類靈長目之一,另一類則是兔猴科。始鏡猴科及兔猴科於始新世的北美洲、歐洲及亞洲突然出現。

始鏡猴科的特徵包括有大的眼眶、短的吻突、沒有前面的前臼齒、適合吃昆蟲果實的頰齒、及相對細小的體型。但是到了始新世末期,一些北美洲始鏡猴科體型開始膨脹,重於1公斤,並且吃果實及樹葉。梯吐猴屬、尼古魯猴屬及小鼠猴屬的大眼眶顯示牠們是夜間活動的。於始新世末期德克薩斯州Rooneyia的眼眶很小,估計牠們是日間活動的。

始鏡猴科有可以抓住東西的手及腳,手指及腳趾有指甲而沒有爪。始鏡猴科的顱後骨骼顯示牠們是棲於樹上的。當中的尼古魯猴屬的脛骨腓骨像現今的眼鏡猴般是融合的,可見牠們經常跳躍。其他的始鏡猴科都缺乏了跳躍的適應性,與現今的鼠狐猴屬鼠狐猴屬相似。

始鏡猴科的分類及演化歷史被受爭議。很多學者都指始鏡猴科是簡鼻亞目的基底、跗猴型下目基底或與兔猴科相近的靈長目基底。另外,始鏡猴科的原始骨骼特徵,難於與現今的生物拉上關係。例如始鏡猴科缺乏了現今簡鼻亞目的多種骨骼特徵,如縮小了的鐙骨肌內頸動脈、並翼蝶骨及顴骨互接等。始鏡猴科亦在上中門齒間有空隙,估計牠們有鼻鏡及人中,將液體輸送至犁鼻器。始鏡猴科亦缺乏了大部份眼睛猴的特徵,如特大的眼眶及極度適合跳躍的顱後結構。在其他方面,始鏡猴科在靈長目中是獨立演化的。

分類

[编辑]
  • 始鏡猴科(Omomyidae)
    • Ekgmowechashala Macdonald, 1963[1]
    • Altanius
    • 阿特拉斯猴屬(Altiatlasius
    • Kohatius
    • 懸猴亞科(Anaptomorphinae)
      • 族 Trogolemurini
        • Trogolemur Matthew, 1909
        • Sphacorhysis Gunnell, 1995
      • 族 Anaptomorphini
        • Arapahovius Savage & Waters, 1978
        • Tatmanius Bown & Rose, 1991
        • 德氏猴屬(Teilhardina
        • Anemorhysis Gazin, 1958
        • Chlororhysis Gazin, 1958
        • 梯吐猴屬(Tetonius
        • Pseudotetonius
        • Absarokius
        • 懸猴屬Anaptomorphus
        • Aycrossia
        • Strigorhysis
        • Mckennamorphus
        • Gazinius
    • 小鼠猴亞科(Microchoerinae)
      • Nannopithex
      • Pseudoloris
      • 尼古魯猴屬Necrolemur
      • 小鼠猴屬(Microchoerus
    • 鼠猴亞科(Omomyinae)
      • Huerfanius
      • Mytonius Robinson, 1968,为Ourayia Gazin, 1958的异名
        • Mytonius williamsae[2]
      • Palaeacodon
      • 族 Rooneyini
        • Rooneyia
      • 族 Steiniini
        • Steinius Bown & Rose, 1984
      • 族 Uintaniini
        • Jemezius Beard, 1987
        • Uintanius
      • 族 Hemiacodontini
        • Hemiacodon
      • 族 Omomyini
        • Chumachius
        • 鼠猴屬(Omomys
      • 族 Microtarsiini
        • Yaquius
        • Macrotarsius
      • 族 Washakiini
        • Loveina
        • Shoshonius
        • Washakius
        • Dyseolemur
      • 族 Utahiini
        • Asiomomys
        • Utahia
        • Stockia
        • Chipataia
        • Ourayia
        • Wyomomys
        • Ageitodendron

外部連結

[编辑]

參考

[编辑]
  1. ^ Kathleen Rust, Xijun Ni, Kristen Tietjen and K. Christopher Beard. 2023. Phylogeny and Paleobiogeography of the enigmatic North American Primate Ekgmowechashala illuminated by New Fossils from Nebraska (USA) and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (China). Journal of Human Evolution. In Press, 103452. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103452
  2. ^ E. Christopher Kirk, Rachel H. Dunn, Benjamin Rodwell and K. E. Beth Townsend. 2023. New Specimens of middle Eocene omomyines (Primates, Omomyoidea) from the Uinta Basin of Utah and the Tornillo Basin of Texas, with Clarification of the Generic Status of Ourayia, Mytonius, and Diablomomys. Journal of Human Evolution. 183, 103425. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103425
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始鏡猴科
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