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大散關

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大散关[註 1],古称散关,位于今日陕西宝鸡西南17公里大散嶺上,扼守汉中地区通往关中地区陈仓古道,現为宝成铁路陕西省道S212穿越经过,与武关潼关萧关并称为「关中四关」。

据传说,该地原为西周初年名臣散宜生的封地,因而得名。历史上该地为兵家必争之地,大小战役70余次。其中较著名的有:

前206年,刘邦部将韩信以“明修栈道暗渡陈仓”之计击败章邯,夺取大散关,开始楚汉争霸战争,劉邦在此建立基業。

228年,诸葛亮蜀汉军出大散关,谋取关中;但多次被司馬懿阻止。

1131年,南宋将领吴玠吴璘在大散关击败以兀术为首的金朝军队,1141年紹興和議後,宋金确定了秦岭为两国分界,以大散关為界。此後宋金两国在大散关附近多次发生战斗,著名诗人陆游也曾在此驻守,一句“铁马秋风大散关”使得该地之名千古流传。现该地为著名旅游景点。陳子昂李商隱等人亦對此地吟誦一番。

注釋

  1. ^ 「散」,拼音sǎn注音ㄙㄢˇ南京官话sang3
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大散關
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