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多邊形數

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多邊形數是可以排成正多邊形整數。古代數學家發現某些數目的豆子或珠子可以排成正多邊形。例如10可以排成三角形

10可以排成三角形.
10可以排成三角形.

但它不能排成正方形,而9則可以:

10不能排成正方形,而9則可以.
10不能排成正方形,而9則可以.

有些數既可排成三角形,又可排成正方形,例如36(這些數稱為三角平方數):

36可排成三角形,又可排成正方形.

多邊形數可以幫助數數目。例如將一堆圓形的藥丸倒進一個等邊三角形的盒,便可以透過數每邊的藥丸數目來知道藥丸的數目。

將多邊形數擴充到下一個項的方法是,擴充某兩個相連的臂,然後將中間的空白處補上。下面的圖,每個增加的層用「+」表示。

詳細說明

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三角形數.

四邊形數(正方形數).

五邊形數.

六邊形數.
六邊形數.

1   6     15        28

七邊形數.

1   7     18        34

1是任何多邊形數的第一項。

ns邊形數的公式是

費馬多邊形數定理指出每個數最多是n個n邊形的和。

參看

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參考

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外部連結

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多邊形數
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