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埃克曼数

埃克曼数Ekman number,簡稱Ek)是用來描述海洋大氣地球物理学現象的無量綱數。埃克曼数是流體黏滯力和行星自轉產生的科里奥利力的比值,埃克曼数得名自瑞典海洋学沃恩·華費特·埃克曼

埃克曼数也可以應用在任何旋轉的流場中,此時,埃克曼数是其黏滯力及科氏力的比值。當埃克曼数小時,擾動在受摩擦力影響而消失之前就會開始傳播。埃克曼数描述埃克曼層厚度的量值,也就是粘滯力和科里奥利力平衡的特殊邊界層

定義

[编辑]

埃克曼数的定義如下:

其中

D為現象的特徵尺度(多半是垂直的)
ν為運動黏滯係數(kinematic viscosity)
Ω為行星自轉的角速度
φ為緯度

定義中的2 Ω sin φ是科里奥利頻率

埃克曼数也可以用動粘滯係數ν、角速度Ω及特徵尺度L表示,例如Tritton的公式如下

相反的NRL Plasma Formulary[1]的公式如下:

其中Ro是罗斯贝数,而Re是雷诺数

參考資料

[编辑]
  1. ^ NRL Formulary, page 23. Ipp.mpg.de. [2014-05-28]. (原始内容存档于2009-08-08). 


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埃克曼数
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