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四神足

三十七菩提分法
  四念住  
  四正勤 四神足  
五根 五力
  七覺支   
  八正道  

四神足巴利文iddhipāda ),梵文:ṛddhipāda,又称四如意足,为三十七菩提分法四正勤所修的行品。“足”为“基础”之意。也就是用四种定力摄心,使定、慧均等,所愿皆得,故名如意足。四神足包括四种可以达到的禅定[1]

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四神足具體內容為 [2]

  1. 欲神足,为欲望成就。又称欲如意足,其由希望所产生的意愿之力,产生修行禅定的意志和行为。
  2. 勤神足,为精进无间。又称精进如意足。欲为精进的依据,有了修行之愿,才能努力精进修行。对所修之法,无间断地专注一心,不断增长而起的禅定力。
  3. 心神足,为一心正念。又称心如意足、念如意足。为心念之力而生的禅定,修行佛法忆念不忘,而且能够不断增长。
  4. 观神足,为心不驰散。又称观如意足,慧如意足、思维如意足等,由观察思维佛教教义而有所成就的禅定。

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参考文献

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  1. ^ 雜阿含經·五六一經》:「尊者阿難語婆羅門:……婆羅門!如來、應、等正覺,所知所見,說四如意足,以一乘道,淨眾生,滅苦惱,斷憂悲,何等為四?欲定,斷行成就如意足,精進定、心定、思惟定,斷行成就如意足。如是,聖弟子,修欲定,斷行成就如意足,依離,依無欲,依出要,依滅,向於捨,乃至斷愛;愛斷已,彼欲亦息;修精進定、心定、思惟定,斷行成就,依離,依無欲,依出要,依滅,向於捨,乃至愛盡;愛盡已,思惟則息。」
    玄奘阿毗达磨大毗婆沙论》(智蕴第三中学支纳息第一之四):“四神足定根定力正定。摄入定觉支。念根念力正念。摄入念觉支。信根信力合为信故。若以一切摄入道支即八道支。名虽有八实体不定。若说正念即正语业。实体唯七。若说正命非正语业。实体有八。复有信喜轻安舍四。故亦十一。或有十二。”
  2. ^ 瑜伽师地论》(十四卷):“又在四种,为欲住心,为得胜定,修方便者。心住如意,能生长门。一、乐出离欲;二、受持读诵,悔过精进;三、能取贤善定相之心;四、住空闲处,观察诸法。”
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四神足
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