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卯酉圈

天球的示意图,其中大圆EZW为卯酉圈,大圆NZS为子午圈

卯酉圈(英語:prime vertical),也称东西圈[1]天球坐标系中与子午圈相垂直的大圆[2],是特殊的垂直圈。卯酉圈与子午圈相交于天顶天底,与地平圈交于东点和西点。天球的天极天底将卯酉圈分成两个半圆,其中过东点的半圆被称为东卯酉圈,过西点的半圆被称为西卯酉圈[3]

曲率半径

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大地测量学中,过椭球体上卯酉圈的法截面被称为卯酉圈法截面,其曲率半径被称为卯酉圈曲率半径,通常以 表示。卯酉圈曲率半径可由椭球的半长轴 偏心率 和该点的大地纬度 求得:

不同纬度上的地心距离R、子午圈曲率半径M与卯酉圈曲率半径N的对比

可见,同一椭球体上的卯酉圈曲率半径长度由大地纬度决定,并随大地纬度的增大而增大。卯酉圈曲率半径通常较子午圈曲率半径 更长,两者只在极点上才相等。不同的大地纬度上的卯酉圈曲率和子午圈曲率半径的长度如下表所示:[4]

参见

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参考文献

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  1. ^ 地图投影 (PDF). 中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所. [2020-03-27]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-05-25). 
  2. ^ prime vertical - 卯酉圈. 國家教育研究院. [2020-03-27]. (原始内容存档于2020-05-03). 
  3. ^ Barbieri, Cesare. Fundamentals of Astronomy. New York: Taylor & Francis. 2007: 22. ISBN 0-7503-0886-9 (英语). 
  4. ^ 孔祥元; 郭际明; 刘宗泉. 大地测量学基础. 武汉大学出版社. 2001: 64–78. ISBN 978-7-30-707562-7. 
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卯酉圈
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