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南京六部

南京六部,明朝的政治機構。明朝原本定都金陵應天府明成祖靖難奪位之後,決定回到根據地燕京,稱北京,是為永樂遷都金陵改稱南京,但依舊保留了陪都的地位。並設置吏、戶、禮、兵、刑、工六部,稱為南京六部,而南直隸(簡稱南直)的部分行政事务由南京六部兼管。

其實“南京吏部尚書”以及其他五尚書等職位,多半為虛銜。為參贊機務或涵養清望的閒職之所,重要性已無關政體本身[1]

各部职权

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  • 南京吏部:考核南京六部與南直隸地區的官吏,並有京察
  • 南京戶部:徵收南直隸,與浙江江西湖廣三行省的布稅食糧,並管理南直隸地區的戶籍
  • 南京禮部:主要負責南直隸祭祀之事,尤其明太祖陵墓孝陵
  • 南京兵部:負責守備南直隸地區,由南京鎮守太監(正式名称为南京守备太监)監軍
  • 南京刑部:管理南直隸地區勳舊、官吏、民眾的司法案件。
  • 南京工部:管理南直隸地區工程事宜,也鑄造南直鹽引

参考文献

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引用

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  1. ^ 明史》(卷111):“自洪武十三年始.成祖遷都,南京止設侍郎.仁宗乃有尚書、都御史而未備.備官自孝宗始.其權位重者曰參贊機務,憲宗後乃專屬之兵部.然累世承平,履其任者,惟養清望而已,無關政本……”

來源

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南京六部
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