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职方司

职方司兵部官署名称。《周礼·夏官·大司马》有职方,管理天下地图和四方职贡。

歷史沿革

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西魏始置职方,隶属夏官府。隋朝改为职方司,为兵部四之二,设职方侍郎、职方员外郎各一员。大业三年(607年),正副官员改为职方郎、职方承务郎。唐朝武德三年(620年)恢复职方郎中、职方员外郎的旧名。职方郎中从五品上,职方员外郎从六品上。管理全国地图、城隍、镇戍、堡寨、烽堠和征防路途远近。龙朔二年(662年)改为司城司,正副官员改为司城大夫、司城员外郎。咸亨元年(670年),恢复职方司的旧名。五代十国沿置,北宋初年,设判职方事一员,以无职事朝官担任,掌受诸州闰年图和图经。职方郎中为五品寄禄官,职方员外郎为六品寄禄官。元丰改制设职方郎中从六品、职方员外郎正七品,管理地图、城隍、堡寨烽堠和四方海外归朝内附。後或兼领库部司事务,或由兵部郎官兼任。金朝元朝兵部不分司。

明朝洪武十三年(1380年)设职方部,设职方郎中正五品、职方员外郎从五品,洪武二十九年(1396年)改为职方清吏司。管理舆图、军制、城隍、镇戍、简练、征讨,三年一报地图,以听候调遣之令;检阅修浚城池,增设镇戍将校,设兵屯驻;巡视操练,请命将出师,记功过赏罚,和关津、缉捕、整顿军伍。设郎中一人,员外郎一人,主事二人,1445年—1581年,增设郎中一人。南京兵部亦设。清朝顺治元年(1644年),沿置职方清吏司,设郎中七人,满洲五人,汉族二人;员外郎五人,满洲二人,蒙古一人,汉族二人。另掌管关禁、海禁。下设承发、督漕、关引等科,直隶、两广等甲,分别办理各项事宜。光绪三十二年(1906年),兵部改为陆军部,职方清吏司裁撤。

参考文献

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  • 《中国历史大辞典》

参见

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职方司
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