For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 冰晶石.

冰晶石

冰晶石
来自格陵兰岛伊維圖特的冰晶石
基本資料
類別卤化物矿物
化学式Na3AlF6
IMA記號Crl[1]
施特龙茨分类3.CB.15
戴納礦物分類11.6.1.1
晶体分类棱柱形 (2/m)
H-M记号相同)
晶体空间群P21/n
晶胞a = 7.7564(3) Å,
b = 5.5959(2) Å,
c = 5.4024(2) Å; β = 90.18°; Z = 2
性質
分子量209.9 g·mol−1
顏色无色至白色,也呈褐色、微红色,很少有黑色
晶体惯态通常是块状的,粗粒状的。稀有晶体是等量和假立方的
晶系单斜
雙晶非常常见,经常重复出现或多发
解理未观察到
断口参差状
韌性/脆性
莫氏硬度2.5 - 3
光澤玻璃光泽至油脂光泽,{001}珍珠光泽
條痕白色
透明性透明至半透明
比重2.95 - 3.0.
光學性質双轴 (+)
折射率nα = 1.3385–1.339, nβ = 1.3389–1.339, nγ = 1.3396–1.34
双折射δ = 0.001
2V夹角43°
色散率r < v
熔点1012 °C
溶解度溶于AlCl3溶液,溶于H2SO4生成有毒的HF。難溶于水。[2]
其他特徵弱热释光。小的透明碎片放在水中时几乎看不见,因为它的折射率接近于水的折射率。在高UV下可能发出强烈的黄色荧光,在低UV下发出黄色磷光和淡黄色磷光。
參考文獻[3][4][5][6][7]

冰晶石(英語:Cryolite)是一种稀有的矿物,主要成分为氟铝酸钠(Na3AlF6),曾经在格陵兰岛西海岸伊維圖特的大型矿床中发现,该矿床于1987年枯竭。

用途

[编辑]

冰晶石在霍尔-埃鲁法中用作氧化鋁的溶剂,用于精炼,在电解铝工业作助熔剂,它将氧化铝的熔点从2000 - 2500°C降低到900–1000°C,从而使铝的提取更加经济。[8]

冰晶石用作杀虫剂农药[9]它也用于使烟花呈现黄色。[10]

矿产资源

[编辑]

天然冰晶石出产于格陵兰岛西南海岸伊维图特的大型矿床,该矿床于1987年基本枯竭,继续开采的价格太高,电解铝行业改用人工合成的冰晶石进行同样的功能。

參考资料

[编辑]
  1. ^ Warr, L.N. IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine. 2021, 85 (3): 291–320 [2022-07-02]. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. S2CID 235729616. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. (原始内容存档于2021-12-13). 
  2. ^ CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 83rd Ed., p. 4-84.
  3. ^ Gaines, Richard V.; Skinner, H. Catherine W.; Foord, Eugene E.; Mason, Brian; Rosensweig, Abraham. Dana's new mineralogy : the system of mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana. 8th, entirely rewritten and greatly enl. New York: Wiley. 1997. ISBN 978-0-471-19310-4. 
  4. ^ Cryolite: Cryolite mineral information and data. Mindat.org. 3 October 2010 [25 October 2020]. (原始内容存档于2017-10-07). 
  5. ^ Cryolite Mineral Data. Webmineral.com. [25 October 2010]. (原始内容存档于2017-12-01). 
  6. ^ Cryolite (PDF). Handbook of Mineralogy. [25 October 2010]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-04-05). 
  7. ^ Klein, Cornelis; Hurlbut, Cornelius S. Manual of mineralogy : (after James D. Dana) 20th. New York: Wiley. 1985. ISBN 0-471-80580-7. 
  8. ^ Totten, George E.; MacKenzie, D. Scott. Handbook of Aluminum: Volume 2: Alloy production and materials manufacturing. vol. 2. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc. 2003. ISBN 0-8247-0896-2. 
  9. ^ Rao, J.R.; Krishnayya, P.V.; Rao, P.A. Efficacy of cryolite against major lepidopteran pests of cauliflower. Plant Protection Bulletin. 2000, 52 (3/4): 16–18 [17 June 2021]. ISSN 0378-0449. 
  10. ^ Helmenstine, Anne Marie. How Firework Colors Work and the Chemicals That Make Vivid Colors. ThoughtCo. [2019-09-01]. (原始内容存档于2017-01-06) (英语). 
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
冰晶石
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?