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冰帽

瓦特纳冰原, 冰岛

冰帽(ice cap)是一块巨型的圆顶状冰,覆盖小于50,000平方公里(19,000平方英里)的陆地面积(一般常见于高原地区)。覆盖面积超过50,000平方公里(19,000平方英里)的叫做冰盖(ice sheet)。[1][2][3]由於冰冠在英語中叫作Ice Cap,其中「Cap」可以解作,所以冰冠又名冰帽

冰帽并不拘泥于地理特征,比如并不一定要在山峰的顶端,但是他们的圆顶一般以山丘的最高点为中心。冰会从最高点向边缘移动。这种现象被叫做ice divide。[2]

瓦特纳冰原是位在冰岛上的一个冰帽。[4]

高山的冰帽对所覆盖的陆地地貌有巨大影响。冰退后往往暴露出大量冰蚀地形。

注释

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  1. ^ 台灣科學名詞審定委員會《地理学名词》
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Benn, Douglas; David Evans. Glaciers and Glaciation. London: Arnold. 1998. ISBN 0-340-58431-9 (英语). 
  3. ^ Bennett, Matthew; Neil Glasser. Glacial Geology: Ice Sheets and Landforms. Chichester, England: John Wiley and Sons Ltd. 1996. ISBN 0-471-96345-3 (英语). 
  4. ^ Flowers, Gwenn E.; Shawn J. Marshall, Helgi Bjŏrnsson and Garry K. C. Clarke. Sensitivity of Vatnajŏkull ice cap hydrology and dynamics to climate warming over the next 2 centuries (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research. 2005, 110: F02011 [2007-05-31]. doi:10.1029/2004JF000200. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2007-09-27). 

参见

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冰帽
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