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克拉底人

克拉底人梵文:किरात、Kirata[1]),是指喜瑪拉雅山脈的土著,分佈在緬甸加德滿都谷地、印度東北部[2],屬於黄色人種,大概一至三万年前來到此地。從廣義上講克拉底人有林布族、拉伊人、遜瓦爾族、亞卡族等分支。這些地方在被離車族廓爾喀人征服前也是黄色人種的地方,印度古籍中泛称这一带的人爲克拉塔人英语Kirata

詞源

克拉底一字詞源尚無定論[2][3],一派觀點說是《夜柔吠陀》中的克拉塔人英语Kirata(Kirata,或譯基拉塔),據描述他們是英俊山區人民和在森林裡獵人[4]

摩诃婆罗多以及 Kirtarjuniya曰他们是Kiratas。[4]在《摩訶婆羅多》中同Cina梵語चीन:,音譯支那,和英文China同源,來自漢語的)一起提及。[5]

歷史

苏联尼泊尔共同考古项目发现了公元前30000年的石器時代工具。[6]

推定最早提及他們的吠陀成書於公元前16世紀,他們的歷史可追溯至此時,尼泊爾的克拉底王朝由他們建立,直到從印度東北部遷徙來的離車毗征服了他们,建立了尼波羅國

信仰

克拉底人信仰原始巫教克拉底教英语Kirat Mundhum(Kiratism,Kirat Mundhum),如今尼泊爾克拉底人中仍有不少信眾。也有部分人信仰上座部佛教。

現代族群

Sunuwar英语Sunuwar, 拉伊族林布族人被認為是克拉底人的後人。

参考文献

  1. ^ P.543 Nationalism and Ethnicity in a Hindu Kingdom: The Politics of Culture in Contemporary Nepal, David N. Gellner, Joanna Pfaff-Czarnecka, John Whelpton Routledge, 1997. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Raatan, T. Encyclopaedia of north-east India. New Delhi: Kalpaz Publications https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/56949586. 2004. ISBN 81-7835-068-8. OCLC 56949586.  缺少或|title=为空 (帮助)
  3. ^ 2. History and Archaeology. The House of Augustus. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 2019-12-31: 16–29. ISBN 978-0-691-18908-6. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 G. P. Singh, G. P. Singh. Researches Into the History and Civilization of the Kirātas,. : P.73. 
  5. ^ P. 91 Motilal Banarsidass Publ., Dineschandra Sircar, Studies in the Religious Life of Ancient and Medieval India. 
  6. ^ Moktan Dupwangel Tamang. Book of Thu:Chen Thu:Jang, 1998, Kathmandu.. 
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克拉底人
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