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仲丁醇

仲丁醇
2-Butanol
2-Butanol
IUPAC名
2-丁醇
别名 第二丁醇
二級丁醇
甲基乙基甲醇
识别
CAS号 78-92-2  checkY

(+): 4221-99-2
(-): 14898-79-4
PubChem 6568
ChemSpider 6320
SMILES
 
  • OC(C)CC
InChI
 
  • 1/C4H10O/c1-3-4(2)5/h4-5H,3H2,1-2H3
InChIKey BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYAZ
UN编号 1120
EC编号 201-158-5
RTECS EO1750000
性质[1][2][3][4]
化学式 C4H10O
摩尔质量 74.122 g·mol⁻¹
密度 0.8063 g/cm3 (20 °C)
熔点 -114.7 °C(158 K)
沸点 99 °C(372 K)
溶解性 35 g/100 ml (20 °C) 29 g/100 ml (25 °C)
折光度n
D
1.3978 (20 °C)
危险性[3]
警示术语 R:R10, R36/37, R67
安全术语 S:S2, S7/9, S13, S24/25, S26, S46
MSDS ICSC 0112
欧盟编号 603-127-00-5
欧盟分类
刺激性刺激性 Xi
NFPA 704
3
1
0
 
闪点 24 °C (75 °F)
自燃温度 406 °C (763 °F)
爆炸極限 1.7–9.0%
相关物质
相关丁醇 正丁醇
異丁醇
叔丁醇
相关化学品 丁酮
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

仲丁醇IUPAC名:2-丁醇)為二級,其分子式為CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3。仲丁醇是易燃的無色液體,在水中有中等的溶解度,也可以和常見的極性有機溶劑完全互溶,例如醚類和其他醇類。工業製程上主要作為丁酮的前驅物。仲丁醇為一手性分子,結構中有一個立體中心,而一般都是以等量對掌異構物外消旋混合體的形式存在。

工業製程及應用

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仲丁醇工業上是透過1-丁烯2-丁烯水合來製備。:

在此製程中使用硫酸為催化劑。[5]

雖然有時候仲丁醇被當作溶劑來使用,但主要是拿來製造丁酮(重要的工業溶劑,也常被使用於清潔劑或脫漆劑)。仲丁醇衍生的易揮發醚類常常有著芳香的氣味,有時候會作為香水的添加物或人工香料。

溶解度

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長久以來,仲丁醇對水的溶解度一直被錯誤地引用,包括許多著名的參考書籍[6]。這一切都源自於Beilstein's Handbuch der Organischen Chemie引用了不正確的資料(12.5 g/100 mL水)。正確的溶解度為35.0 g/100 mL(20°C), 29 g/100 mL(25°C),22 g/100 mL(30°C)。這個資料首次被Alexejew記載,爾後也有其它科學家包括Dolgolenko和Dryer也發表了類似的數據。

參見條目

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參考資料

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  1. ^ Template:Merck11th
  2. ^ Weast, Robert C. (编). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 62nd. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 1981: C-192. ISBN 0-8493-0462-8. .
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 2-Butanol, International Chemical Safety Card 0112, Geneva: International Programme on Chemical Safety, April 2005 .
  4. ^ The Water Solubility of 2-butanol: A widespread Error by Donald B. Alger of California State University
  5. ^ Hahn, Heinz-Dieter; Dämbkes, Georg; Rupprich, Norbert, Butanols, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2005 .
  6. ^ 像是Merck IndexCRC Handbook of Chemistry and PhysicsLange's Handbook of Chemistry;甚至是International Programme on Chemical Safety

外部連結

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仲丁醇
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