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乙酸汞

乙酸汞(II)
别名 醋酸汞
乙酸高汞
识别
CAS号 1600-27-7  checkY
PubChem 15337
ChemSpider 14599
SMILES
 
  • [Hg+2].[O-]C(=O)C.[O-]C(=O)C
InChI
 
  • 1/2C2H4O2.Hg/c2*1-2(3)4;/h2*1H3,(H,3,4);/q;;+2/p-2
InChIKey BRMYZIKAHFEUFJ-NUQVWONBAS
ChEBI 33211
性质
化学式 C4H6O4Hg
摩尔质量 318.678 g·mol⁻¹
外观 白色片状结晶
氣味 有轻微的醋味
密度 3.28 g/cm3(固体)
熔点 179 °C(452 K)
溶解性 25 g/100 mL (10 °C)
100 g/100 mL (100 °C)
溶解性 可溶于乙醇乙醚
危险性
NFPA 704
0
3
0
 
致死量或浓度:
LD50中位剂量
40.9 mg/kg (大鼠,口)
23.9 mg/kg (小鼠,口)
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

乙酸汞是一种化合物,化学式为Hg(CH3COO)2,有剧毒。

制备

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乙酸汞由黄色氧化汞乙酸溶液反应,加热溶解后趁热过滤,滤液经过冷却结晶得到。[1][2]

化学性质

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乙酸汞水溶液易水解,会缓慢产生黄色的碱式盐沉淀,加热时沉淀速度加快。[3]

乙酸汞可以和芳香烃发生亲电取代反应,生成有机汞化合物,通常反应时将乙酸汞溶于甲醇[4]

C6H6 + Hg(CH3COO)2 → C6H5HgOCOCH3 + CH3COOH

汞化反应产物中的-OCOCH3可以被氯取代[5]

C6H5OH + Hg(CH3COO)2o-C6H4(OH)HgOCOCH3 + CH3COOH
o-C6H4(OH)HgOCOCH3 + NaCl → o-C6H4(OH)HgCl + CH3COONa

甚至芳香烃的金属有机化合物也可以发生汞化反应。

乙酸汞的甲醇溶液很容易吸收一氧化碳,吸收后的溶液经过加热,或和浓盐酸作用,可使一氧化碳释放出来。[4]

应用

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乙酸汞在有机化学上,常用于羟汞化反应[6]

储存

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乙酸汞可以感光,保存时颜色变黄。因此应该密封、避光保存。[3]此外,根据中国安全监管总局等十部门制定的《危险化学品名录(2015版)》,乙酸汞属于剧毒品,应该按照剧毒品储存的有关规定进行存放。[7]

参考资料

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  1. ^ 日本化学会编. 无机化合物合成手册. 第二卷. 安家驹, 陈之川译. 化学工业出版社, 1986. pp 595
  2. ^ 段长强, 孟庆芳, 张泰 等编. 现代化学试剂手册. 第一分册. 通用试剂. 化学工业出版社, 1988. pp 252
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 朱文祥. 《无机化合物制备手册》.化学工业出版社, 2006.9. pp 503-504. 【XIV-98】 醋酸汞 [mercury(II) acetate]. ISBN 7-5025-8537-0
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 钟兴厚 等.《无机化学丛书》. 第六卷 卤素 铜分族 锌分族. 科学出版社,1995. pp 849. 4.12.12 有机汞(II)化合物
  5. ^ Whitmore, F. C.; Hanson, E. R. "o-Chloromercuriphenol" Organic Syntheses页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Collected Volume 1, p.161 (1941)
  6. ^ Loudon, Marc G. Addition Reactions of Alkenes. Organic Chemistry Fourth Edition. Oxford University Press. 2002: 165–168.
  7. ^ 安全监管总局 等. 《危险化学品名录(2015版)》页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). 2015.2
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乙酸汞
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