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乙基汞

乙基汞
识别
CAS号 21687-36-5(阳离子)  checkY
16056-37-4(中性分子)  checkY
ChemSpider 5247
SMILES
 
  • CC[Hg+]
Beilstein 3903035
Gmelin 323460
ChEBI 33204
性质
化学式 C2H5Hg+
摩尔质量 229.65 g·mol⁻¹
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

乙基汞是一种阳离子,由与汞(II)中心结合乙基(CH3CH2-)组成,使其成为一种有机金属阳离子,其化学式为 C2H5Hg+ 。乙基汞的主要来源是硫柳汞[1]

合成方式与结构

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衍生自“乙基汞”的两种主要配合物的结构。 X - = 阴离子,L = 中性路易斯碱

乙基汞(C2H5Hg+)是化合物的取代基:它作为分子式為 C2H5HgX 化合物的一个组分存在,其中 X = 氯離子、硫醇陰離子或其他有机基团,而最著名的是 X =硫代水杨酸硫柳汞(Hg和硫代水楊酸根的S原子結合)。在人体内,乙基汞硫醇盐衍生物(HgS原子結合)的形式出现。 [2]在这些乙基汞化合物中,Hg(II) 具有线性或有时是三角形的配位几何结构。因為汞和碳的电负性相当,乙基汞中的汞-碳键被視为共价键。 [3] :p. 79

毒性

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乙基汞的毒性已得到充分研究。 [4] [1]与甲基汞一样,乙基汞可分布于所有身体组织,並穿过血脑屏障胎盘屏障,在全身自由移动。 [5]目前已有通过从甲基汞的剂量-反应关系研究推断得出乙基汞对人类神经系统影响的风险评估。 [1]估计表明,乙基汞在成年人的血液中清除的半衰期为 3-7 天。然而,这个领域还没有得到很好的研究。 [6]

公共卫生问题

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基于甲基汞的剂量-反应关系研究,推断對於乙基汞的毒性担忧,从 1999 年开始从美国儿童疫苗中去除硫柳汞,但仍然存在于所有多剂量疫苗和流感疫苗中(尽管有许多不含硫柳汞的单次使用疫苗可用[7] )。克拉克森认为,基于甲基汞的风险评估过于保守,因为观察到乙基汞从身体和大脑中清除的速度明显快于甲基汞。 [1]此外,克拉克森认为,从乙基汞代谢的无机汞尽管在大脑中的半衰期要长得多,但其毒性远低于由汞蒸气产生的无机汞,原因尚不清楚。 [1]

參見

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参考文献和注释

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Clarkson, Thomas W.; Magos, Laszlo. The toxicology of mercury and its chemical compounds. Critical Reviews in Toxicology. September 2006, 36 (8): 609–62. PMID 16973445. S2CID 37652857. doi:10.1080/10408440600845619. 
  2. ^ Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4. 
  3. ^ Elschenbroich, Christoph. Main-Group Organometallics [§6.2.3 Organomercury Compounds] 3rd. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. 2016: 78–86 [13 February 2017]. ISBN 978-3-527-80514-3. 
  4. ^ Counter, S.Allen; Buchanan, Leo H. Mercury exposure in children: A review. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 2004, 198 (2): 209–230. PMID 15236954. doi:10.1016/j.taap.2003.11.032. 
  5. ^ Clarkson TW, Vyas JB, Ballatori N. Mechanisms of mercury disposition in the body. American Journal of Industrial Medicine. October 2007, 50 (10): 757–64. PMID 17477364. doi:10.1002/ajim.20476. 
  6. ^ Weekly Epidemiological Record, vol. 87, 30 (pp 277–288). WHO. 2012-07-27 [2020-05-10]. (原始内容存档于October 19, 2014). 
  7. ^ Research, Center for Biologics Evaluation and. Thimerosal and Vaccines. FDA. 2019-04-05 [2022-05-27]. (原始内容存档于2019-08-10) (英语). 

擴展阅读

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外部链接

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乙基汞
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