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七清淨


上座部佛教

佛教大綱英语Outline of Buddhism 佛教主題

七清淨巴利語Saptha Visuddhi),佛教术语,源自覺音清淨道論》,由三學中細分出來,為修習解脫道涅槃的七個階段。在南傳上座部中有很重要地位。

內容

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根據《巴利聖典》《中部》(相當於中阿含經)《七車經》(或稱為傳車經)的內容,覺音整理出七清淨:

  1. 戒清淨
  2. 心清淨
  3. 見清淨
  4. 度疑清淨
  5. 道非道清淨
  6. 行道智見清淨
  7. 智見清淨。

清淨: 居士五戒八戒; 沙彌沙彌尼十戒; 學法女(式叉摩尼)的六戒; 比丘227條戒及比丘尼的311戒。

心清淨: 達到近行定(巴利语:upacāra-samādhi)或安止定(巴利語:appanā-samādhi)的四禪。近行定相當於北傳的「近分定」(梵語:sāmantaka-samādhi),安止定相當於北傳的「根本定」(梵語:maula-dhyāna)。

第三「見清淨」到第七「智見清淨」,覺音尊者分為十六觀智,即慧發展的十六個階段。

分类

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「見清淨」、「度疑清淨」、「道非道清淨」、「行道智見清淨」、「智見清淨」與十六觀智之對應[1]

  • 見清淨:名色分別智。
  • 度疑清淨:緣攝受智
  • 道非道清淨:思惟智、生滅隨觀智(未成熟)。
  • 行道智見清淨:生滅隨觀智(成熟)、壞隨觀智、怖畏現起智、過患隨觀智、厭離隨觀智、欲解脫智、審察隨觀智、行捨智、隨順智。
  • (無對應之清淨):種姓智
  • 智見清淨:道智、果智、省察智(返照智)。

道智和果智可以再細分為須陀洹道/果智、斯陀含道/果智、阿那含道/果智和阿羅漢道/果智,共有四組,共八項,所以稱為「四雙八輩」,這是原始佛教對「」的定義。凡聖之別,始於第一個須陀洹果,亦稱初果,一旦證入初果,註定不墜入惡道,最慢七次投生天上或人間之後,證入完全的解脫。解脫證果始於行捨智,經隨順智、種姓智的過程,悟入道智,證果智,行返照智,這是解脫開悟的過程,四道智都共同經過。但阿羅漢的返照智不觀察未斷的煩惱(因為沒有剩餘未斷的煩惱)。

參見

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  1. ^ 帕奥西亚多. 证悟涅槃的唯一之道. 2012: 133 [2017-01-06]. (原始内容存档于2017-01-07). 
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七清淨
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