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第五次结集


上座部佛教

佛教大綱英语Outline of Buddhism 佛教主題

第五次集结緬甸語ပဉ္စမသင်္ဂါယနာ巴利語Pañcamasaṃgāyanā)是佛教的一次集结,于公元1871年在缅甸曼德勒,在贡榜王朝敏东王的支持下举行。这次集结距第四次集结已经过去了1800年左右,此时,缅甸大部分处于英军的管理之下,敏东王希望可以通过这次集结保留缅甸的佛国特质。这次集结的主要目的是记诵上座部佛教的《巴利圣典》上记载的释迦牟尼的所有教义,并仔细检查其中是否有被改变、曲解或遗失。此次集结由三位年长的比丘主持,他们是:大伽罗伽罗万萨(英語:Mahathera Jagarabhivamsa),纳林达比丘伽罗(英語:Narindabhidhaja),和大伽罗苏曼加拉萨米(英語:Mahathera Sumangalasami)。有2400名僧侣参与其中。他们共同诵念佛法,持续了五个月零三天。這次集結的成果被譯爲緬文,傳播至缅甸全国[1]。此次结集复查的巴利三藏内容,皆被刻于七百二十九块大理石上,藏于固都陶佛塔内。

由于第五次集结是缅甸单方面的行为,大多数其他佛教国家并未参与,缅甸以外的国家普遍不承认第五次集结。[2] 有人认为,由于上座部佛教徒跨国举行的第六次集结获得了“第六次集结”的名称,这就隐含地承认了第五次集结的存在。尽管大多数其他国家没有参加第五次集结,且第五次集结的结果只限于缅甸版的《巴利圣典》,但在第四次集结和第六次集结之间,在锡兰暹罗还举行了一些其他的集结,因此,参与国数可以通过这种方式来弥补[3]

另見

參考來源

  1. ^ 张曼涛. 现代佛教学术丛刊 83 第9辑 3 东南亚佛教研究. 大乘文化出版社. 1978.10: 200–201. 
  2. ^ Mendelson, Sangha and State in Burma, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 1975, pp. 276ff
  3. ^ Brandon (ed), Dictionary of Comparative Religion, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1970, article on "Councils, Buddhist"
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第五次结集
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