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安達曼-尼科巴群島哈夫洛島影嘅安達曼海

Hoi2地球(或者一粒行星)表面裝住大量鹹水地形,多數連住大洋,當中鹹水係指濃度高3.5%嘅-每公升嘅鹹水就有超過35咁多嘅鹽喺裏面[註 1][1]。海同大洋相比更加細,有陸地去部份或者完全圍住四週。

海覆蓋住地球大約71%嘅面積,而且深度不一:近陸地(地球表面冇俾水覆蓋嘅地方)嘅海好多時都好淺水,得嗰幾米深,但離陸地遠啲嘅海就可以深得好交關,例如位於太平洋西部嘅馬里亞納海溝,某啲地方據探測有成超過10公里咁深-大約係廿棟廣州周大福金融中心咁高[2]

生命

海同海邊嘅環境特性往往都會對生物嘅生存同進化造成具體嘅影響。舉個例說明,海洋生物嘅一個出名特點係少兩棲類學名Amphibia)-兩棲類嘅例子有青蛙,呢個動物其中一個特性係啲皮膚有高嘅滲透性,容易俾水或者鹽等嘅物質通過,而通常係鹽會由鹽多嗰邊擴散過去鹽少嗰邊;噉即係話一旦隻兩棲類浸入鹹水,身體(鹽少嗰邊)就會勁俾海水(鹽多嗰邊)嘅鹽入侵;跟住呢樣嘢就會造成隻兩棲類動物體內鹽嘅濃度高得滯,並且搞到佢哋體內嘅化學過程失衡,最後引致死亡。因為噉,絕大多數嘅兩棲類都頂唔順鹹水[註 2],而自自然然海洋生物學啲研究對象基本上係冇兩棲類咁滯[3][4]。由呢個例子可見,海洋嘅環境會對生物造成某啲獨特-第啲環境唔會有-嘅挑戰。

註釋

  1. 順帶一提,淡水定義係「鹽濃度少過0.5%嘅水」。
  2. 亦都有一部份嘅兩棲類物種對於鹹水係「頂得順唔會死,但依然唔鍾意鹹水」。

睇埋

  1. Chester, Jickells, Roy, Tim (2012). Marine Geochemistry. Blackwell Publishing.
  2. Gardner, James V.; Armstrong, Andrew A.; Calder, Brian R.; Beaudoin, Jonathan (2 January 2014). "So, How Deep Is the Mariana Trench?" (PDF). Marine Geodesy. Informa UK Limited. 37 (1): 1–13.
  3. Hopkins Gareth R.; Brodie Edmund D. Jr (2015). "Occurrence of Amphibians in Saline Habitats: A Review and Evolutionary Perspective". Herpetological Monographs. 29 (1): 1-27.
  4. Can Amphibians Live In Salt Water?.
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