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油畫 .
達文西 嘅油畫《蒙娜麗莎 》係世上最出名嘅油畫之一。呢幅油畫出自 19 世紀,描繪《耶穌受試探 》呢個聖經 故事 提到耶穌 喺荒野嗰度禁食 。 油畫 (粵拼 :jau4 waa2 )係一種畫畫 方法,用油彩 畫,通常畫喺畫布 上面。同例如水彩 比起嚟,油彩明顯比較杰而且乾得比較慢,所以畫畫人能夠攞一塊大嘅畫布打戙放嚟畫畫——油彩乾得慢,所以一支沾咗油彩嘅畫筆 可以畫到大嘅面積,而且油彩杰,能夠黐喺一塊打戙放嘅畫布上面。呢啲效果都係水彩難以做到嘅[1] [2] 。
油彩 係由乾性油 開嘅顏料 ,乾性油一接觸到空氣 就會開始乾同變硬嘅油 ,例子有
...等等。
畫油畫嗰陣,畫畫嘅人通常會先用鉛筆 或者炭筆 喺畫布上面畫出預期中幅畫嘅大致形態,然後佢要將油彩由密封嘅容器唧落去一塊調色板 上面,並且嘗試喺啲油彩變硬之前,用畫筆或者畫刀 沾油彩同埋將油彩油落去塊畫布上適當嘅位置嗰度,然後再等啲油彩乾同變硬[3] 。
油畫呢家嘢歷史相當悠久,而且同西洋畫 好有關係:油畫有得追溯到公元 7 世紀嘅阿富汗 [4] ,而明朝 嘅文獻據講都有提到油畫[5] ;歐洲人 最遲喺 12 世紀經已廣泛噉使用油彩,而喺文藝復興時代 期間,油彩仲成為咗歐洲畫嘅主流,例如舉世聞名嘅《蒙娜麗莎 》(Mona Lisa)就係一幅喺 16 世紀初畫好嘅油畫;而喺打後嗰幾個世紀,西人一路都有用油彩畫畫,好似係印象派 同表現主義 等 19 世紀同廿世紀初嘅歐洲藝術運動 都出咗多幅油畫名作-令到油畫成為咗西洋畫嘅一個代表[3] [6] 。
以下係一啲出名嘅油畫作品:
《
農夫嘅午餐 》(The Farmers' Lunch)
委拉斯蓋茲 (Velázquez),1618 年
《
洗衫女工 》(The Laundress)
格勒茲 (Greuze),1761 年
《
你好,古比先生 》(Bonjour, Monsieur Courbet)
古比 (Gustave Courbet),1854 年
《盧森堡花園》(The Luxembourg Gardens)
艾伯特·埃德爾費爾特 (Albert Edelfelt),1887 年
《可悲嘅演員》
(The Tragic Actor)
馬內 ,1866 年
[註 1] [7]
《
日出印象 》(
法文 :Impression, soleil levant)
莫奈 (Claude Monet),1874 年
莫奈畫佢老婆同個仔散步。 1875 年
法蘭西一世 喺牀邊陪伴垂死嘅
達文西 嘅想像圖
安格爾 (J. Ingres),1818 年
《康有為像》 李鐵夫,1904 年
《
星夜 》(英文:The Starry Night)
梵高 (Vincent van Gogh),1889 年
《
音樂人群英會 》(Galaxy of Musicians),1889 年;
呢幅畫係 18 至 19 世紀
印度 油畫藝術嘅一幅出名作品。
↑ 馬內 (Édouard Manet)係一位由寫實主義轉去印象派嘅畫家,而佢呢幅作品被指係展示咗由寫實主義去印象派之間嘅過渡期。
Chieffo, Clifford T.: Contemporary Oil Painter's Handbook , Prentice Hall, 1976.
↑ David Dewey. The Watercolor Book: Materials and Techniques for Today's Artist . Watson-Guptill, 1995.
↑ Osborne, Harold (ed), The Oxford Companion to Art , 1970, OUP.
↑ 3.0 3.1 Chieffo, Clifford T.: Contemporary Oil Painter's Handbook , Prentice Hall, 1976.
↑ Archaeology, Current World (6 July 2008). "World's oldest use of oil paint found in Afghanistan ". World Archaeology .
↑ 《論中國油畫的歷史》 山東工藝美術學院 王付銀
↑ Osborne, Harold (ed), The Oxford Companion to Art , 1970, OUP. p. 787-788.
↑ Brombert, B. A. (1997). Edouard Manet: rebel in a frock coat . University of Chicago Press.
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