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文藝復興

達文西嘅人體比例圖,表現咗文藝復興時期將藝術同科學結合嘅特色

文藝復興粵拼man4 ngai6 fuk6 hing1英文The Renaissance)係歐洲思想文化運動,時爲十四世紀到十七世紀。當時重思藝術文學自然科學建築等,帶嚟一段科學同藝術革命。文藝復興結束中世紀歐洲淪落,由意大利一帶開始,傳到全歐洲。可以話係現代歐洲史嘅序幕,可能係中古時代近代嘅分界。

呢場文化運動基本上係以復興古羅馬為名,改變中世紀逐漸嚴重嘅腐敗,但係唔係將古羅馬原樣重現,而係加入新思考同檢討,所以做出實際上係一種徹底唔同嘅新型態文化變革,其中雖然囊括咗對古典文獻嘅重新學習同承接,但係響繪畫方面透過直線透視法嘅發展,同逐步開展嘅中古時代教育變革,令到人體結構、化學、天文技術同科學知識嘅追求等等,呢啲極重要嘅近代科學發展,除咗打破神權時代,亦都打破咗希臘羅馬嘅古文化。傳統觀點認為,呢種知識上嘅轉變令到文藝復興發揮咗銜接中世紀同近代嘅作用。即使文藝復興響知識、文學、社會同政治各個方面都引發咗巨大變革,但係令佢聞名於世嘅重有呢個時期嘅藝術成就,同達文西米開朗基羅等博學家做出嘅創新貢獻。

歷史

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多數人都認為文藝復興係起源於意大利(「文藝復興」嘅英文「The Renaissance」喺出自意大利話Rinascimento,意思即係重生),之後影響咗成個歐洲

羅馬帝國分裂後,意大利分成小國。各國借地中海,由海路到阿剌伯,生意好發達。咁使意大利各國嘅人,有足夠經濟能力,去搞文化嗜好。文藝復興唔少名人,好似達文西伽利略,都係由有錢佬支援佢哋。呢啲文化人都係從古希臘古羅馬嘅古典文化之中吸收,希望能夠復興昔日歐洲嘅燦爛文化。亦即係話,「文藝復興」其實係重新創造知識同精神文明。

各國頭頭同貴族,都極力崇拜古希臘同古羅馬文化,厭棄中世紀盛行禁欲主義。而羅馬教廷亦都好腐敗,好多教宗都掛住享樂,重犀利過班貴族。佢哋都時不時起用藝術家,希望滿足佢哋嘅欲望。

思想

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文藝復興嘅本質係主張個性嘅解放。舊陣時歐洲深受羅馬天主教嘅影響,社會風氣守舊。文藝復興強調個人,認為人有權利享受。以前歐洲好多作品都淨係反映宗教,但文藝復興就唔再淨講宗教,而更多咁反映咗一般人嘅生活入面。其中嘅代表性例子有達文西嘅《蒙羅麗莎》。

代表人物

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文藝復興
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