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普通最小二乘法

呢篇文 需要熟悉呢方面嘅人幫手寫。 詳情請去討論頁睇。

普通最小二乘法粵拼pou2 tung1 zeoi3 siu2 ji6 sing4 faat3英文ordinary least squares)係迴歸分析當中最常用最普通嗰種估計 迴歸系數)嘅方法。

做法

[編輯]

普通最小二乘法就係建基於誤差值之上嘅。用呢種做法估計 ,首先要計個殘差平方和(residual sum of squares;RSS)出嚟,RSS 係指將所有誤差值嘅平方加埋得出嘅數:

嘅數值可以用以下嘅算式計出嚟:

當中 嘅平均值,而 嘅平均值。

假設個總體嘅誤差值有一個固定嘅變異數,呢個變異數可以用以下呢條式估計:

呢個數係所謂嘅均方誤差(mean square error),個分母係樣本大細減個模型要估計嘅參數嘅量。呢個迴歸模型當中有兩個未知嘅參數([1]

而啲參數估計嘅標準誤差(standard error)係:

有咗上面呢個模型,個研究者手上有會有 嘅估計值,將來可以用呢條式嚟預測 嘅數值。

參考

[編輯]
  1. Steel, R.G.D, and Torrie, J. H., Principles and Procedures of Statistics with Special Reference to the Biological Sciences., McGraw Hill, 1960, page 288.
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普通最小二乘法
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