For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 四呼.

四呼

四呼粵拼sei3 fu1)係中文音韻學嘅術語。喺音韻學,從明代以降,基於韻母(呢個韻母包埋韻腹同韻尾)嘅韻頭同韻腹嘅口形,將韻母分爲四類:開口呼、合口呼、齊齒呼、撮口呼。

概要

[編輯]

四呼由來自宋代以降後期中古音嘅韻類分類,亦即等呼。喺等呼,以嘴脣係咪圓分成兩個大類:開口呼同合口呼。然後再根據主元音嘅位置再細分爲四等,加埋四個等嘅開合總共八個類。

明代試行新嘅分類,創出新嘅呼。清代,喺潘耒中文潘耒嘅《類音》度總結出四呼,而家嘅中文學仲用緊。

四呼

[編輯]

開口呼hoi1 hau2 fu1)係指唔接韻頭嘅韻母,亦即唔係[i]、[u]、[y]打頭嘅韻母。喺粵語,a、aa、e、o、oe、eo屬於開口呼(連埋-i、-u、-m、-n、-ng、-p、-t、-k韻尾)。例字:亞、挨、交、岩、晏、罌、鴨、押、呃、矮、嘔、暗、銀、鶯、合、兀、扼、誒、鏡、夾、劇、柯、愛、奧、安、江、喝、各、靴、向、卻、最、進、卒。

齊齒呼cai4 ci2 fu1)係指韻頭係[i]嘅韻母,亦即用i/j打頭嘅韻母。喺粵語,i屬於齊齒呼(連埋-u、-m、-n、-ng、-p、-t、-k韻尾),用聲母j打頭嘅字亦係齊齒呼。例字:以、要、豔、延、應、頁、熱、亦、也、曳、夜、喲、陽、叡。

合口呼hap6 hau2 fu1)係指韻頭係[u]嘅韻母,亦即用u/w打頭嘅韻母。喺粵語,u屬於合口呼(連埋-i、-n、-ng、-t、-k韻尾),用聲母w打頭嘅字亦係合口呼。例字:烏、會、換、紅、活、屋、話、爲、搲、和。

撮口呼(撮讀咄,cyut3 hau2 fu1)係指韻頭係[y]嘅韻母,亦即用yu打頭嘅韻母。喺粵語,jyu/yu屬於撮口呼(連埋-n、-t韻尾)。例字:喻、縣、月。

另外,粵語嘅鼻音獨立韻m、ng唔屬於四呼範疇。呢兩個其實都仲係聲母,但屬於同零聲母相對嘅零韻母,亦即係空韻嘅情況。

其中,呢四呼嘅分法係分別按開合、洪細而分成四類,開口呼同齊齒呼係開口,合口呼同撮口呼係合口,開口呼同合口呼係洪音,齊齒呼同撮口呼係細音。下面份表顯示佢哋嘅關係。

洪音 細音
開口 開口呼 齊齒呼
合口 合口呼 撮口呼

四呼接聲母時,會因爲聲母類別而有所揀擇。喺接脣音聲母時(包括重脣、輕脣),唔會有開合之分,亦即只有開口或合口韻母,無論粵語定普通話,開合口喺脣音聲母都唔構成對立。

喺日文漢字讀音亦有類似中文洪細嘅講法:開口呼、合口呼(洪音)叫做「直音」,齊齒呼同撮口呼(細音)叫做「拗音」。

睇埋

[編輯]
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
四呼
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?