For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 蕈毒碱型乙酰胆碱受体.

蕈毒碱型乙酰胆碱受体

乙酰胆碱-毒蕈碱和烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体的天然兴奋剂。
毒蕈碱-一种用于区分这两类受体的兴奋剂。通常在体内找不到。
阿托品-一种蕈毒碱型乙酰胆碱受体拮抗剂
毒蝇伞(学名:Amanita muscaria)可分离出毒蕈碱

毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受器(muscarinic acetylcholine receptors)是一大类固定在细胞膜上的乙酰胆碱受器,其对毒蕈碱比对烟碱(尼古丁)更为敏感。反过来对烟碱比较敏感的则称为烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体。毒蕈碱与烟碱两者皆为生物碱(alkaloid)。许多药品与其他类物质(例如匹鲁卡品东莨菪碱)常以促进剂拮抗剂的角色发生作用,并且其作用是仅单一针对毒蕈碱受器或单一针对烟碱受器,使得这样的受器分类显得有用。

背景

乙酰胆碱受器中,毒蕈碱受器是一种次分类,广泛分布于中枢神经系统自主神经系统。自主神经系统在解剖上与体神经系统相异。

自主神经系统可分成两个部分:交感神经系统副交感神经系统

生理学

乙酰胆碱(Acetylcholine, ACh)是一种神经传导物质,在脑部与自主神经系统中广泛存在。

蕈毒碱型受器的型态

受器形式的多样性

乙酰胆碱受器,蕈毒碱型1
识别
符号 CHRM1
Entrez 1128
HUGO 1950
OMIM 118510
RefSeq NM_000738
UniProt P11229
其他资料
基因座 11 q12-q13
乙酰胆碱受器,蕈毒碱型2
识别
符号 CHRM2
Entrez 1129
HUGO 1951
OMIM 118493
RefSeq NM_000739
UniProt P08172
其他资料
基因座 7 q35-q36
乙酰胆碱受器,蕈毒碱型3
识别
符号 CHRM3
Entrez 1131
HUGO 1952
OMIM 118494
RefSeq NM_000740
UniProt P20309
其他资料
基因座 1 q41-q44
乙酰胆碱受器,蕈毒碱型4
识别
符号 CHRM4
Entrez 1132
HUGO 1953
OMIM 118495
RefSeq NM_000741
UniProt P08173
其他资料
基因座 11 p12-p11.2
乙酰胆碱受器,蕈毒碱型5
识别
符号 CHRM5
Entrez 1133
HUGO 1954
OMIM 118496
RefSeq NM_012125
UniProt P08912
其他资料
基因座 15 q26

M2受体

M2毒蕈碱受体位于心脏,在心脏中,它们通过减慢去极化速度,使心率降至正常基线窦性心律以下。在休息条件下的人类中,迷走神经活动高于交感神经活动。因此,抑制M2受体(例如,阿托品)会导致心率升高。它们还适度降低了心房肌肉的收缩力,并降低了房室结的传导速度。它也可以稍微降低心室肌肉的收缩力。

通常,M2毒蕈碱受体通过Gi型受体起作用,这会导致细胞内cAMP的降低,电压门控Ca2+通道的抑制和K+外排的增加,通常会导致抑制型效应。

M3受体

此章节需要扩充


M4受体

M4受体在中枢神经系统中被发现。M4受体通过Gi受体起作用,从而降低细胞中的cAMP,因此通常产生抑制作用。如果受到毒蕈碱兴奋剂刺激可能导致支气管痉挛

M5受体

M5受体的位置尚不清楚。

参见

文献

  1. ^ Simon MI, Strathmann M, Gautam N. Diversity of G proteins in signal transduction. Science. 1991, 252 (5007): 802–8. PMID 1902986.  Fulltext (PDF, subscription required)页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  2. ^ Mark L Dell'Acqua, Reed C Carrol, Ernest G Peralta. Transfected m2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors couple to G alpha i2 and G alpha i3 in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Activation and desensitization of the phospholipase C signaling pathway. Journal of Biomedical Chemistry. 1993, 268 (8): 5676–85. PMID 8449930.  Free Fulltext (PDF)
  3. ^ Messer, Jr, William S. Acetylcholine. 20 Jan 2000. University of Toledo. Accessed 11 September 2005.
  4. ^ Johnson, Gordon E. PDQ Pharmacology. 2nd edition. BC Decker. 2002. ISBN 1550091093
  5. ^ Richelson, Elliot. Cholinergic Transduction. The Fourth Generation of Progress. The American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2000.
  6. ^ see Johnson, 2002.
  7. ^ see Richelson, 2000.
  8. ^ G protein diversity and complexity in G-protein Signaling. RA Fisher. University of Iowa, Lecture Notes, 2004.
  9. ^ see Richelson, 2000.
  10. ^ Burford NT, Nahorski SR. Muscarinic m1 receptor-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in Chinese hamster ovary cells is mediated by Gs alpha and is not a consequence of phosphoinositidase C activation. Biochemistry Journal. 1996, 315 (Pt 3): 883–8. PMID 8645172.  Fulltext (subscription required)
  11. ^ University of Sydney lecture notes on the M2 receptors, 2005.
  12. ^ University of Sydney lecture notes on the M3 receptors, 2005.
  13. Dittman AH, Weber JP, Hinds TR, Choi EJ, Migeon JC, Nathanson NM, Storm DR. A novel mechanism for coupling of m4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors to calmodulin-sensitive adenylyl cyclases: crossover from G protein-coupled inhibition to stimulation. Biochemistry. 1994, 33 (4): 943–51. PMID 8305442. 
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
蕈毒碱型乙酰胆碱受体
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?