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烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体

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乙酰胆碱
尼古丁

烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor)或nAChRs是对神经递质乙酰胆碱有反应的受体多肽。烟碱受体也对诸如尼古丁兴奋剂的药物起反应。它们存在于中枢周围神经系统肌肉以及许多生物的许多其他组织中。在神经肌肉接点,它们是肌肉运动神经与肌肉之间的主要受体,控制肌肉收缩。在周围神经系统中:(1)它们从交感神经副交感神经系统内的突触前细胞传出信号到突触后细胞;(2)骨骼肌中发现的受体接受乙酰胆碱释放,以发出肌肉收缩信号。在免疫系统中,nAChRs通过不同的细胞内途径调节炎症过程并发出信号。[1]昆虫中,胆碱能系统仅限于中枢神经系统。[2]

烟碱受体被认为是乙酰胆碱受体,因为它们对乙酰胆碱有反应。烟碱受体的名字来自尼古丁,它不会刺激毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体,而是选择性地与烟碱受体结合。[3][4][5]毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体也因选择性附着于该受体的化学物质毒蕈碱而得名。[6]乙酰胆碱本身与毒蕈碱和烟碱乙酰胆碱受体结合。[7]

作为离子型受体,nAChRs直接连接到离子通道。新证据表明,在某些情况下,这些受体也可以使用第二信使(就像代谢型受体一样)。[8]烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体是离子型受体中被研究得最透彻的[8] Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are the best-studied of the ionotropic receptors.[3]

由于烟碱受体有助于传递交感神经系统副交感神经系统的输出信号,因此烟碱拮抗剂(如六甲铵)会干扰这些信号的传输。因此,烟碱拮抗剂干扰压力反射,该压力反射通常通过对心脏的交感和副交感刺激来校正血压的变化。

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ Lu B, Kwan K, Levine YA, Olofsson PS, Yang H, Li J, et al. α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling inhibits inflammasome activation by preventing mitochondrial DNA release. Molecular Medicine. August 2014, 20 (1): 350–8. PMC 4153835可免费查阅. PMID 24849809. doi:10.2119/molmed.2013.00117. 
  2. ^ Yamamoto I. Nicotine to Nicotinoids: 1962 to 1997. Nicotinoid Insecticides and the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor. 1999: 3–27. ISBN 978-4-431-68011-6. doi:10.1007/978-4-431-67933-2_1. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, LaMantia AS, McNamara JO, White LE. Neuroscience有限度免费查阅,超限则需付费订阅 4th. Sinauer Associates. 2008: 122–6. ISBN 978-0-87893-697-7. 
  4. ^ Siegel GJ, Agranoff BW, Fisher SK, Albers RW, Uhler MD. Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects. GABA Receptor Physiology and Pharmacology 6th (American Society for Neurochemistry). 1999 [2008-10-01]. (原始内容存档于2009-05-12). 
  5. ^ Itier V, Bertrand D. Neuronal nicotinic receptors: from protein structure to function. FEBS Letters. August 2001, 504 (3): 118–25. PMID 11532443. doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02702-8. 
  6. ^ Ishii M, Kurachi Y. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 1 October 2006, 12 (28): 3573–81. PMID 17073660. doi:10.2174/138161206778522056. 
  7. ^ Lott EL, Jones EB. Cholinergic Toxicity. StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. 2020 [2020-11-22]. PMID 30969605. (原始内容存档于2021-03-23). 
  8. ^ Kabbani N, Nordman JC, Corgiat BA, Veltri DP, Shehu A, Seymour VA, Adams DJ. Are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors coupled to G proteins?. BioEssays. December 2013, 35 (12): 1025–34 [2020-11-22]. PMID 24185813. doi:10.1002/bies.201300082. (原始内容存档于2022-01-17). 

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烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体
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