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B模

艺术绘图显示出,早期宇宙时期的光束,在传播通过宇宙空间之时,怎样被大质量宇宙构造所产生的引力透镜效应所偏转,形成B模。(Credit: ESA)

B模偏振(B-mode polarization)是宇宙微波背景辐射的一种偏振信号。 宇宙微波背景辐射的偏振图样可以分为两个部分。一个是旋度为零的部分(类电场部分),称为“E模偏振”,简称为“E模”,不具手征性。2002年,度角尺度干涉仪(DASI)最先发现这种偏振。另一个是散度为零、旋度不为零的部分(类磁场部分),称为“B模偏振”,简称为“B模”,具有手征性。[1]

宇宙学家预测存在两种B模。第一种是在大爆炸短暂片刻后的宇宙暴胀过程中生成[2][3][4];第二种在后来由引力透镜生成[5]

研究成果

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2014年3月,BICEP2科学家团队宣布探测到第一种B模,符合早期宇宙暴胀期间所产生的引力波,标量-张量比为 [6][7]。2015年1月30日,研究团队承认对于资料的判读错误,观测到的信号无法排除掉银河系辐射尘埃的影响,不足以证实这项结果就是早期宇宙的引力波所形成的B模偏振[8]

此前,南极望远镜已发现了第二种B模。这发现可能有助于检验有关宇宙起源的理论。科学家现在正在使用普朗克卫星所测得的数据做分析,希望能够更进一步了解这些引力波。[9][10][11]

参考文献

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  1. ^ Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization: The Next Key Toward the Origin of the Universe页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), 2003, Yuki D. Takahashi
  2. ^ Seljak, U. Measuring Polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background. Astrophysical Journal. June 1997, 482: 6. doi:10.1086/304123. 
  3. ^ Seljak, U.; Zaldarriaga M. Signature of Gravity Waves in the Polarization of the Microwave Background. Phys. Rev.Lett. March 17, 1997, 78 (11). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.2054. 
  4. ^ Kamionkowski, M.; Kosowsky A. & Stebbins A. A Probe of Primordial Gravity Waves and Vorticity. Phys. Rev.Lett. March 17, 1997, 78 (11). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.2058. 
  5. ^ Zaldarriaga, M.; Seljak U. Gravitational lensing effect on cosmic microwave background polarization. Physical Review D. 2. July 15, 1998, 58. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.58.023003. 
  6. ^ Gravitational waves: have US scientists heard echoes of the big bang?. The Guardian. 2014-03-14 [2014-03-14]. (原始内容存档于2018-01-18). 
  7. ^ 存档副本. [2014-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2018-02-19). 
  8. ^ Cho, Adrian. Curtain falls on controversial big bang result. Science. 2015-01-30 [2015-03-05]. (原始内容存档于2015-03-12). 
  9. ^ ESA Planck. Planck Space Mission. Oct 22, 2013 [Oct 23, 2013]. (原始内容存档于2017-12-08). 
  10. ^ NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Long-sought pattern of ancient light detected. ScienceDaily. 2013-10-22 [October 23, 2013]. (原始内容存档于2014-04-07).  参数|journal=与模板((cite web))不匹配(建议改用((cite journal))|website=) (帮助)
  11. ^ Hanson, D.; et al. Detection of B-Mode Polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background with Data from the South Pole Telescope. Physical Review Letters. 14. Sep 30, 2013, 111. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.141301. 


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B模
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