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鹧鸪氏奥义书

鹧鸪氏奥义书天城体梵语तैत्तिरीय उपनिषद्罗马化:Taittirīya Upaniṣad,音译为泰帝利耶奥义书)婆罗门教-印度教的早期哲学文献,商羯罗所选定的11部主要奥义书中的一部。通常认为,该书是写成时间最早的奥义书之一。[1]

传统上将鹧鸪氏奥义书视为鹧鸪氏学派的经典。鹧鸪氏学派是专门学习黑夜柔吠陀的吠陀学派,他们传承的其它经典包括鹧鸪氏梵书和鹧鸪氏森林书。鹧鸪氏奥义书实际上就是鹧鸪氏森林书的一部分。全书的内容分为三章,分别对应于鹧鸪氏森林书的第七、八、九章。其中第一章实际与哲学无关,而主要讨论语音学(即六个吠陀支中的式叉支)。第二和第三章则重点论证和描述了宇宙的终极存在“”。[2]

鹧鸪氏奥义书用一种“相因而生”的逻辑来证明“我”的存在。其理论如下:“以太出于我,出于以太,出于风,出于火,地出于水,植物出于地,食物出于植物,出于食物”。于是,从低级到高级的世间万物都是由最基层的“我”(宇宙精神,宇宙本原)直接或间接产生的。

注释

  1. ^ 《印度佛教史》,渥德尔著,商务印书馆,ISBN 7-100-02682-2
  2. ^ “我”(आत्मन्,阿特曼)是奥义书中广泛讨论的概念,与梵书时代的最高存在并不相同。薄伽梵歌的一些章节表明梵曾被视为低于“无上我”(Paramātmā,宇宙灵魂)的存在。但后来的主流哲学把二者完全等同了。

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鹧鸪氏奥义书
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