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马加比四书

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马卡比第四书,又称《马卡比四书》,是一篇赞美虔诚的理性高于激情的圣经文本。它是在公元一或二世纪用希腊文写成的。

它不在大多数教会的《圣经》中,在希腊文《圣经》中作为附录存在。本书在格鲁吉亚东正教《圣经》被列入大典[1]。自1688年罗马尼亚东正教和18世纪罗马尼亚天主教,本书被列入《圣经》中,被称为 "Iosip"(约瑟夫)。但是今天的罗马尼亚语圣经中已不再印制本章。

内容

本书由序言和两个主要部分组成;第一部分推进了哲学论述,而第二部分则用安提阿哥四世以弗所领导的《马加比书》二章(主要是以利亚撒和马加比青年的殉道)中的例子来说明所提出的观点。最后几章涉及到作者从这些殉道者身上得到的印象。因此,这部作品似乎是与马加比一书和马加比二书独立成篇,只是借鉴了它们的描述来支持它的论点。它最初是用希腊语写成的,用东方/希腊东正教圣经的斯蒂芬-韦斯特霍姆所说的 "非常流利..........用一种高度修辞性和受影响的希腊文风格。"

作者相信灵魂不死,但从未提及死人的复活,据说好的灵魂会与祖先和上帝同享永生的幸福,但即使是恶的灵魂也被认为是不死的。在作者看来,马卡比人的苦难和殉道,对犹太民族来说是一种代罪,作者把殉道描写成是为犹太人过去的罪孽带来赎罪。[2]

参考文献

  1. ^ Michał Wojciechowski: Apokryfy z Biblii greckiej. Warszawa: Oficyna Wydawnicza VOCATIO, 2001, s. 97-115. ISBN 83-7146-163-1.
  2. ^ História de opiniões sobre a doutrina bíblica do castigo, Edward Beecher, D. Appleton & Company, 1878 (original), Publicações Tentmaker, 2000, ISBN 0548231117

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