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晶闸管驱动器

晶闸管的符号,其符号及作用都类似二极管

晶闸管驱动器(thyristor drive)是一种电动机驱动电路,用晶闸管控制交流输入电压的相位,提供可变的电压给直流电动机

晶闸管可以视为是可以延后导通的二极管,在有触发信号后即导通,在反向偏置时即关闭。晶闸管驱动器中的整流器会由晶闸管及二极管组成,达到控制电压的目的。

应用

交流电压经由二极管与门流体整流后的波形
红色:输出电压
蓝色:晶闸管的触发信号

晶闸管驱动器非常简单,最早是在1960年代开始使用,到1980年代末期之前,晶闸管驱动器都还是工业上主要的电机控制器,而1980年代末期时出现了新且低价的电力电子技术,因此高性能系统的应用用斩波器取代晶闸管驱动器,高可靠度的应用改用逆變器配合交流电动机的架构。在一些高功率的应用中仍然会使用晶闸管驱动器,例如铁路机车,晶闸管的高功率密度以及其简单的设计,使得此推进系统比晶体管为基础的控制器更有吸引力[1][2]

晶闸管的缺点是其关断不可控的特性,若要控制关断,需要另外用电感、电容及辅助开关器件等组成强迫换流电路,因此会使系统复杂,另外晶闸管是分立器件结构,开通损耗大,工作频率难以提高,限制了其应用范围。

晶闸管驱动器衍生的应用是交流相控制器(AC phase controller),此控制器用单相的双向晶闸管提供可变电压的交流输出,控制通用电动机。这是家电中最常用的电动机速度控制方式,像是食物调理机、小型交流驱动工具(例如电钻)[1]

参考资料

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晶闸管驱动器
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