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电动机堵转测试

电动机堵zhuàn测试(英语:blocked rotor test)又称短路测试(short circuit test)、zhuàn子锁定测试(locked rotor test)或失速转矩测试(stalled torque test)[1],是感应电动机的测试,可以找出额定电压下的短路电流、短路时的功率因素、电动机的漏电感(漏感抗)以及启动转矩等信息[2][3];此测试会在低电压时进行,因为若输入电压为额定电压,通过定子绕组的电流会很大,会使绕组过热造成损坏[1]

对于绕线式感应电动机,因其启动转矩可以依需要调整,不会进行堵转转子的转矩测试;而对于鼠笼式感应电动机,会进行堵转转子的电流测试[4]

测试方式

在电动机堵转测试时,会将转子固定不动[2]。会用低的交流电压加到定子绕组端子上,使定子绕组的电流为额定满载电流,此时量测电流、电压以及输入的功率。在转子静止时,其滑差(slip)[5]。IEEE建议输入电压的频率为额定频率的1/4,因为转子的等效电阻在低频下的值和高频可能不同[6][7]。可以用不同的电压再重做此测试,确认得到的数值是正确的。因为定子上的电流可能会超过额定电流,此测试需迅速进行[1]。利用此测试得到的数据,可以建构电动机的圆线图[8]

相关计算

额定电压时的短路电流

是电压在时的短路电流
是电压在额定电压时的短路电流

短路功率因素

是短路时的总输入功率
是短路时的输入线电压
是短路时的输入线电流
是短路时的功率因素
[8]

漏感抗

是短路时,参考定子的短路阻抗
是短路时,参考定子的单相漏感抗

是总铜损
是总铁损


参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Motor testing methods. Electronic Systems of Wisconsin, Inc. (原始内容存档于2012-12-31). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Blocked rotor test. Sakshat virtual labs. [2018-02-11]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-10). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  3. ^ de Swardt, Henk. The Locked rotor test explained (PDF). Marthinusen & Coutts (Pty.) Ltd. [2018-02-11]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-05-16). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  4. ^ Industrial Power Engineering and Applications Handbook. Newnes. 
  5. ^ B.L. Theraja, A.K. Theraja. Electrical Technology volume 2 Twenty third revised multicolour. S. Chand. 2010: 1317. ISBN 81-219-2437-5. 
  6. ^ Knight, Dr Andy. Electrical Machines. Department of Electrical and Computer engineering, University of Alberta. (原始内容存档于2012-11-29).  Archive.is存档,存档日期2012-11-29
  7. ^ Pitis, CD. femco squirrel.doc. Femco mining motors. [2022-03-09]. (原始内容存档于2016-04-19). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Deshpande, M.V. Electrical Machines. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. 

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电动机堵转测试
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