For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 谢氏塔喙鲸.

谢氏塔喙鲸

谢氏塔喙鲸
与人类体型的对比
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 哺乳纲 Mammalia
目: 偶蹄目 Artiodactyla
下目: 鲸下目 Cetacea
科: 喙鲸科 Ziphiidae
属: 塔喙鲸属 Tasmacetus
种:
谢氏塔喙鲸 T. shepherdi
二名法
Tasmacetus shepherdi
Oliver, 1937

谢氏塔喙鲸(学名Tasmacetus shepherdi)旧称谢氏喙鲸,又称塔斯曼鲸塔斯曼喙鲸。最初由Shepherd在1933年时发现一头搁浅的成年雌鲸,之后Oliver在1937年时根据博物馆内收藏的一具近乎完整骨骼来为其命名,仅一属一种。谢氏塔喙鲸是极为罕见的类,人类对其所知实际上仅来自于少数搁浅尸体,目击记录更是少之又少,对于牠们在海中的行踪与习性尚未有可靠的证据说明。谢氏塔喙鲸在喙鲸中相当独特,因为牠们的上、下颚都长有许多具功能性的牙齿

基本资料

其他俗名:谢氏喙鲸(旧译)、Tasman Whale、Tasman Beaked Whale(英)、TASMACÈTE(法)、BALLENA PICUDA DE SHEPHERD(西)

出生时身长体重:推测近3m,体重未知

最大身长体重记录:6~7m,体重未知

寿命:未知

外型特征

谢氏塔喙鲸有雪茄形的身体,近似于中喙鲸属,不过额隆更加耸立接近柯氏喙鲸,但不及瓶鼻鲸贝喙鲸属般陡峭。嘴喙与前额的分界相当明显,与其他种喙鲸相较显得较为修长而狭窄。胸鳍相当短且往末端逐渐尖细,和大多数喙鲸相同,其挠、尺骨相对较长而趾骨较短。背鳍高度约30至35公分,大致呈镰刀状,位于背部后段相当于2/3全长的位置。尾鳍无凹刻,颈部处有一对浅沟槽。牠们在喙鲸中是相当特殊的一个物种,一般而言,只有成年雄喙鲸才有2颗巨大、对捕食无甚帮助的牙齿,且仅位于下颚;而谢氏塔喙鲸无论雌雄皆有具功能性的牙齿,且上、下颚皆有。上颚有17至21对牙齿,下颚18至28对,雄鲸下颚最前端的2颗牙齿有膨大的现象。

谢氏塔喙鲸生前的实际体色不明。根据对搁浅尸体的观察,谢氏塔喙鲸背部的颜色较暗,腹部颜色较浅,在胸鳍与肛门处腹部的浅色区域会往背部蔓延,另外在身体侧面与侧腹可能会有长条横纹与斜纹遍布。头部前端的颜色通常较浅,背、胸、尾鳍外观皆为深色。

分布

一般认为谢氏塔喙鲸是远洋性的鲸类,可能在南半球冷温带海域呈环南极分布。已知的搁浅记录包括新西兰(12起)、澳洲(1起)、阿根廷(3起)、斐南得群岛(Juan Fernández Islands,2起),以及南三明治群岛(South Sandwich Islands,3起),南纬30度以北未曾有发现记录。目前只有2次较可信的目击记录,分别在新西兰与塞舌尔(Seychelles)。

习性

对于其社会结构一无所知,稀少的海面目击记录发现牠们仅以小群出现且难以侦察追踪,可能是族群数量非常稀少,或经常躲避船只、下潜极深而很少露出海面。

生殖

不明。

食性

虽然一般认为牠们与其他喙鲸一样以枪乌贼为主食,不过鱼类在谢氏塔喙鲸的食物中似乎占有与枪乌贼等量、甚至超过的比例。少数几次胃内容物记录中曾发现无须鳕等鱼类,亦有少量螃蟹与乌贼嘴喙残渣。在阿根廷,1头搁浅的雌鲸经解剖后发现胃内只有鱼类的残骸。

现状

其数量完全不明,对于其是否曾遭捕猎或渔业造成的死亡等没有明确的资料。

参考书目

1. 马克‧卡沃达着;马丁‧卡姆绘图;陈顺发翻译,《鲸与海豚图鉴》,猫头鹰出版社,1997 [民86]:140-141页。 ISBN 957-9684-16-2

2. Hadoram Shirihai / illustrated by Brett Jarrett, 《A Complete Guide to Antarctic Wildlife: The Birds and Marine Mammals of the Antarctic Continent and the Southerocean》, Alula Press Oy, 2002: p348-351. ISBN 951-98947-0-5

3. Pieter A. Folken, Randall R. Reeves, etc. / illustrated by Pieter A. Folkens, 《Guide to MARINE MAMMALS of the World》,Alfred A. Knopf, 2002: p264-265. ISBN 0-375-41141-0

4. Mark Carwardine / illustrated by Martin CammDorling, 《DORLING KINDERSLEY HANDBOOKS: WHALES, DOLPHINS AND PORPOISES》, Dorling Kindersley, 1995: p140-141. ISBN 0-7513-2781-6

5. James G. Mead, 《Shepherd's Beaked Whale(Tasmacetus shepherdi)》, edit by William F. Perrin, Bernd Würsig, etc. 《Encyclopedia of marine mammals》, Academic Press, 2002: p1078-1081. ISBN 0-12-551340-2

6. James G. Head, 《Shepherd's Beaked Whale - Tasmacetus shepherdi Oliver, 1937》, edited by Sam H. Ridgway and Sir Richard Harrison, F.R.S. 《Handbook of Marine Mammals, Volume 4: River Dolphins and the Larger Toothed Whales》, Academic Press, 1989. p309-320. ISBN 0-12-588504-0

  1. ^ Taylor, B.L.; Baird, R.; Barlow, J.; Dawson, S.M.; Ford, J.; Mead, J.G.; Notarbartolo di Sciara, G.; Wade, P. & Pitman, R.L. Tasmacetus shepherdi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN). 2008, 2008: e.T21500A9291409 [12 January 2018]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T21500A9291409.en. (原始内容存档于2018-01-13).  Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of data deficient.
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
谢氏塔喙鲸
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?