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表皮癣菌属

表皮癣菌属
絮状表皮癣菌
科学分类 编辑
界: 真菌界 Fungi
门: 子囊菌门 Ascomycota
纲: 散囊菌纲 Eurotiomycetes
目: 爪甲团囊菌目 Onygenales
科: 分节癣菌科 Arthrodermataceae
属: 表皮癣菌属 Epidermophyton
Link ex Steudel, 1824[1]
  • 絮状表皮癣菌 Epidermophyton floccosum
  • 斯托克表皮癣菌 Epidermophyton stockdaleae

表皮癣菌属学名Epidermophyton)是子囊菌门的一真菌,只包含两个物种,其中絮状表皮癣菌Epidermophyton floccosum)是能造成皮肤感染的真菌之一,能感染皮肤与指甲[2],造成足癣股癣甲癣体癣英语tinea corporis真菌病[3][4][1]

形态

表皮癣菌的菌丝有隔膜(Septate)且呈透明状,孢子为表面光滑的大分生孢子(macroconidia),一端为梨形,另一端为圆形,大小约为10-40乘6-12微米,没有小分生孢子(microconidia)[1],能借由人与人间传播,对人类鼠蹊的皮肤与指甲造成感染,与毛癣菌小孢癣菌同为造成皮肤感染的三属主要真菌[5]

感染

表皮癣菌于全球均有分部,常存在于土壤,特别容易对人类角质造成感染,而无能力感染活的组织[1],能造成体癣英语Tinea corporis股癣甲癣等皮肤感染的症状[6]。在潮湿的热带地区较为严重[5]

表皮癣菌造成的皮肤感染初期不易被察觉,逐渐出现鼠蹊或脚部的局部发炎,引起过敏而搔痒,若不治疗则会出现脱皮及水泡得典型症状。指甲也容易遭表皮癣菌感染,造成灰指甲(及甲癣)的典型症状,先在基部产生白斑,进而使指甲变形、扭曲病产生较深的异常颜色。指甲感染除了由皮肤感染蔓延产生外,也可能透过人工指甲装饰物造成,后者即为女性指甲感染的主因之一。不同于毛癣菌小孢癣菌,表皮癣菌对毛发没有感染力[5]

诊断与治疗

表皮癣菌的诊断与毛癣菌及小孢癣菌类似,可将皮肤屑与指屑以热氢氧化钾处理,将人体蛋白质水解,留下耐碱的菌丝与孢子进行判断,没有小分生孢子是表皮癣菌的特征之一。外用发癣退英语tolnaftate咪唑可治疗皮肤感染,若为指甲感染则需口服灰黄霉素[5]

物种

表皮癣菌属下只有絮状表皮癣菌Epidermophyton floccosum)及斯托克表皮癣菌(Epidermophyton stockdaleae)两种[7][8],其中只有絮状表皮癣菌会感染人体[1]

本属包括以下物种:

  • Epidermophyton angustisporum Boedijn
  • 絮状表皮癣菌 Epidermophyton floccosum (Harz) Langeron & Miloch.
  • Epidermophyton inguinale Sabour.
  • Epidermophyton stockdaleae Prochacki & Eng.-Zas.

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Epidermophyton spp.. doctor fungus. [2018-11-07]. (原始内容存档于2001-02-22). 
  2. ^ Epidermophyton floccosum. Mycology Online. [2010-05-22]. (原始内容存档于2010-05-25). 
  3. ^ Rippon, John Willard. Medical mycology : the pathogenic fungi and the pathogenic actinomycetes 3rd. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co. 1988. ISBN 978-0721624440. OCLC 16712232. 
  4. ^ Fungal infections. Diamond, Richard D., 1942-. Philadelphia: Current Medicine. 2000. ISBN 978-1573401364. OCLC 42862084. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 严启泰、苏庆华、商惠芳、杨定一. 16章 醫用真菌學. 實用微生物學. 伟华书局有限公司. ISBN 957-640-849-0 (中文(台湾)). 
  6. ^ Definition of Ringworm. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 6 December 2015 [2016-09-13]. (原始内容存档于2016-09-05). 
  7. ^ Manual of clinical microbiology. Murray, Patrick R., Baron, Ellen Jo., American Society for Microbiology. 8th. Washington, D.C.: ASM Press. 2003. ISBN 978-1555812553. OCLC 50035668. 
  8. ^ Biology of dermatophytes and other keratinophilic fungi. Kushwaha, Rajendra K. S., Guarro Artigas, Josep. Bilbao: Revista Iberoamericana de Micología. 2000: 17–21, 30–43. ISBN 978-8460707110. OCLC 807784068. 
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表皮癣菌属
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