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化制二教

化制二教,属于大乘佛教南山律宗的判教理论,律宗祖师道宣和尚判佛陀所说法为化教制教,化教为渡化众生之教,制教是僧团制度之教。[1][2]

概述

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化教

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“化”者是谓“渡化、教化”,是对二众所说;《大乘义章》言化教即修多罗契经藏)[2],也可加上阿毗达摩论藏);属于三无漏学的定、慧部分[3]

化教分为三教:

  • 性空教:诸法性空无我,小乘
  • 相空教:诸法本相是空,小菩萨
  • 唯识圆教:诸法外尘本无,实唯有识,大菩萨

制教

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“制”者是谓“制度、唯制内众”,制教又名行教,是谓“辨彰行仪”,是对出家众所说。《大乘义章》言制教即毗尼(律藏)[2];属于三无漏学的戒的部分。

南山律宗就是以制教为依止形成的宗派,以一丝不苟恪守律藏而著称。道宣为《四分律》注《四分律删繁补阙行事钞》,作为律宗乃至汉传佛教界十分重要的戒本[3]

参考注释

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  1. ^ 《佛学大辞典》【化制二教】:(术语)律宗一家,判一代教为化教制教二者。经论二藏,汎说因果之理,以化道俗,是曰化教,戒律一藏,说比丘之戒法,独制内众,谓之制教。又曰化行。(参见:化行)
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 《佛学大辞典》【化行】:(术语)又云化制。通道俗之人,使汎知因果道理,邪正差别之教法,谓之化教,特明佛弟子当守之戒行,谓之行教。又曰制教。律宗之人,以此二教判一代教也。行事钞上一曰:“显理之教,乃有多途,而可以情求,大分为二:一谓化教,此则通道俗。但汎明因果,识达邪正。(中略)二谓行教,唯局内众。定其取舍,立其纲维,显于持犯,决于疑滞。”同资持记上一之二曰:“一代时教,总归化行,开其信解,用舍任缘,故名化教。制其修奉,违反有过,名为行教。”戒疏一上曰:“今以化行二教,用分诸藏,何名化教?如阿含等中开演化导令识邪正因果业性界系诸法,言无所壅,义通道俗,意在静倒,离著为先。教本化人令开慧解,本非对过而立斯教。言行教者,起必由过,随过制约,言唯持犯,事通止作。故教所设非为静倒,但随行科。戒律一宗,局斯教矣。”大乘义章一曰:“化教所说,名修多罗。行教所说,名曰毘尼。汎说事理因果是非,是化教也。辨彰行仪,是行教也。”
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 黄忏华, 化制二教, 佛教百科, [2019-03-01], (原始内容存档于2019-03-01) 
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化制二教
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