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米粒组织

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太阳表面的太阳黑子和周围的详细视图。 密集的细胞模式(与太阳黑子无关)是"米粒组织";单独的细胞是"米粒"。
更仔细观察的米粒组织,置入北美洲的模型作为尺寸的比较。比例尺的每一单位长度是1,000公里。

米粒组织granulation)是太阳光球面的颗粒状的斑驳外观。是由太阳的对流层浮升至光球表面的等离子体 热柱贝纳德穴流)造成的现象。因为看似许多米粒granule)遍布在 太阳表面而得名。

米粒的上升部分位于等离子体较热的中心,米粒的外缘是较冷的等离子体下沉,所以显得较暗。所谓的较冷较暗是与更热更亮的等离子体严格比较的相对结果。因为亮度与温度的4次方成正比,所以极小的热量损失也会造成明显的光度对比;这些较冷较暗的等离子体依然比一般的热源更热,也明亮得多。除了可见的外观,对流运动多普勒频移的测量也提供个别米粒对流性质的证据。

一颗典型的米粒直径大约在1,500公里[1],在消失前会存在8至20分钟[2]。在任何时间,太阳的表面都有大约400万颗米粒。在光球层内的下方是一层直径达到30,000公里,寿命可长达24小时的超米粒组织

太阳结构图解

参考资料

  1. ^ Zirker, J. B. Sunquakes. Johns Hopkins University Press. 2003: 2. 
  2. ^ Bahng, J.; Schwarzschild, M. Lifetime of Solar Granules.. The Astrophysical Journal. 1961-09, 134: 312 [2022-04-12]. Bibcode:1961ApJ...134..312B. ISSN 0004-637X. doi:10.1086/147160. (原始内容存档于2019-06-17) (英语). 
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米粒组织
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