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窦冲

窦冲(?—?),前秦武都人,380年,前秦征北将军、幽州刺史、行唐公苻洛自称大将军、大都督、秦王,派遣使者到鲜卑乌桓高句丽百济新罗、休忍各国征召军队,在蓟城(今北京)、和龙(今辽宁朝阳)谋反。天王苻坚派左将军、窦冲以及吕光率领四万步、骑兵作为前锋讨伐苻洛,任命阳平公苻融为征讨大都督。五月,窦冲等与苻洛在中山交战,苻洛的军队大败,苻洛被活捉,送至长安

383年八月初二,苻坚任命兖州刺史姚苌为龙骧将军,督益、梁州诸军事。苻坚对姚苌说:“过去我靠龙骧将军的官位建立了大业,未曾轻易地把这个官位授予别人,你努力干吧!”左将军窦冲说:“君王无戏言,这话是不祥之兆!”

淝水之战后,384年三月,前秦北地长史慕容泓自称都督陕西诸军事、大将军、雍州牧、济北王,建立西燕

前秦王苻坚任命雍州钜鹿公苻叡都督中外诸军事、卫大将军、录尚书事,左将军窦冲为长史,龙骧将军姚苌为司马,统兵五万,来讨伐慕容泓。平阳太守慕容冲也在平阳起兵,拥兵二万众,进军攻打蒲阪(今山西永济)。苻坚派窦冲去讨伐他。窦冲在黄河以东大败慕容冲。慕容冲率领八千鲜卑骑兵投奔慕容泓。

385年正月,已经是西燕皇帝的慕容冲派尚书令高盖夜袭长安,进入了南城,窦冲和前禁将军李辩等打败了高盖,斩首八百多人。

苻坚死后,苻丕即位,十一月,左将军窦冲占据着兹川,拥有兵众数万,苻丕任命窦冲为梁州牧,同时授予他开府仪同三司

386年六月,邓羌的儿子、冠军将军邓景拥有五千兵众据守彭池,与窦冲首尾呼应,用以攻击后秦。苻丕任命邓景为京兆尹

387年三月,前秦皇帝苻登任命窦冲为南秦州牧,杨定益州牧,杨璧为司空、梁州牧,封乞伏国仁为大将军、大单于、苑川王。

389年十月,苻登任命窦冲为大司马、都督陇东诸军事,雍州牧;杨定为左丞相、都督中外诸军事及秦、梁二州牧,约定一起进攻后秦。392年十月,苻登任命窦冲为左丞相,带兵转到华阴去驻扎。东晋郗恢派遣将军赵睦据守金墉,河南太守杨期统率部队到湖城,袭击赶走窦冲。

前秦右丞相窦冲自恃其才,以为超人一等,请封天水王,苻登没有答应。393年六月,窦冲自称秦王,改年号为元光。七月,苻登在野人堡进攻窦冲。窦冲向后秦求救。后秦太子姚兴带兵去进攻胡空堡。苻登急忙解除对窦冲的围困,赶赴那里去解救。

394年七月,后秦安南将军强熙、镇远将军强多叛变,拥推窦冲为盟主。已经是后秦皇帝的姚兴亲自带兵前去讨伐,部队行进到武功县的时候,强多的侄儿强良国杀死了强多归降。强熙则逃奔秦州,窦冲逃奔,被氐族首领仇高抓住送还给后秦。

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窦冲
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