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硫酯

硫酯的常见结构

硫酯(拼音:liú zhǐ;英文:Thioester)是一个原子和一分子酰基共价结合形成的化学物质,通式为R-S-CO-R'。硫酯键是高能化学键。

另一类的化学物质也会被看作是硫酯,这一类的化学物质可看成是酯键中的酰基上的原子为硫原子所取代,其通式则是R-O-CS-R'。这一类物质可以通过劳森试剂和酯的反应生成。这种硫代羰基化合物可用于有机合成。最近帝国学院教授东尼·巴雷特将硫酯用于非环状化合物的糖合成取得成功。

某些生物化学家认为硫酯在生命起源的过程中扮演很重要的角色。诺贝尔奖得主,比利时克里斯汀·德·迪夫,认为先有一个“硫酯世界”(Thioester World),再发展到“RNA世界”,硫酯是有机体的直接祖先。[1]

他解释道:

当一个巯基(通式为R-SH)和一个羧基(R'-COOH)结合就形成了硫酯。过程中释放一分子水,产物就是:R-S-CO-R'。

硫酯键是高能化学键,就好像在所有生物体内提供能量的三磷酸腺苷里的高能磷酸键……

这就表明了硫酯是在ATP分解或合成过程中的中间产物。所有的酯键形成(包括脂类)都需要硫酯的参与。这些物质参与了细胞内多种物质的合成,包括脂肪酸固醇萜烯卟啉和其他。另外,硫酯是一些特别古老的ATP组装途径的中间产物。在这两个例子里面,硫酯都比ATP更直接得参加了能量的消耗与生成。换句话说,硫酯是在那个没有ATP的硫酯世界里充当了ATP的角色。事实上,硫酯可能帮助ATP形成磷酸键。

参考文献

  1. ^ de Duve, C. The Beginnings of Life on Earth. American Scientist. 1995, 83 (5): 428–437 [2018-01-03]. Bibcode:1995AmSci..83..428M. (原始内容存档于2017-06-06). 
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硫酯
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