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白茶

白毫银针来自福建福鼎的最高级的白茶

白茶是指一种采摘后,不经过杀青或揉捻,只经过日晒或文火干燥后所制成的茶叶。白茶白毫显露。比较出名的出自福建东北部地区,有白毫银针、白牡丹、贡眉、寿眉等不同等级的白茶。

起源

考古学家曾分析汉景帝的陵寝,发现陪葬品中有类似白毫银针的茶叶。[1]

白茶的名字最早出现在唐朝陆羽的《茶经》七之事中,其记载:“永嘉县东三百里有白茶山。”[2]陈橼教授在《茶叶通史》中指出:“永嘉东三百里是海,是南三百里之误。南三百里为福建省福鼎(唐为长溪县辖区),系白茶原产地。”可见唐代长溪县已培育出“白茶”品种。因其仅有名称,能否作为起源证据还有待进一步商榷。

宋朝制茶“朝采即蒸”、“即蒸即焙”,不经萎凋和发酵,只有绿茶。《大观茶论》所载“白茶”为全国仅六株的特殊茶树,非今日之白茶。[3]

湖南农学院学者杨文辉等认为白茶始于神农尝百草时期,其发表的《关于白茶起源时期的商榷》一文中提出白茶的出现早于绿茶的观点。[4]

品种

白茶的原材料均多采自福鼎大白茶福鼎大毫茶福安大白茶等品种。若采单芽按白茶制作工艺制成的茶称为白芽茶,如白毫银针;若采一芽叶、一芽二叶按白茶制作工艺制成的茶称为白叶茶,如白牡丹、贡眉等[5]

功效

白茶具有保健功效,已被人们普遍认可。研究表明白茶比绿茶更为具有抗病毒和抗细菌功效[6]也具有更多的儿茶素可可碱以及更少的咖啡因[7][8]但亦有实验数据指出白茶的咖啡因含量较高。[9][10]儿茶素具有抗菌、除臭、防蛀等多种功效。

白茶富含丰富的二氢杨梅素,这样的黄酮类天然物质,可以达到保护肝脏之作用。[11]白茶中茶多酚的含量较高,它是天然的抗氧化剂,可以起到提高免疫力和保护心血管等作用。此外,绿茶相比白茶则含有更少的氟化物,这被认为是有益健康的。[12]

中国地理标志产品

  • 福鼎白茶:产地范围福建省福鼎市。
  • 黄山白茶(徽州白茶):产地范围安徽省歙县现辖行政区域。

参考文献

  1. ^ Lovell, Henrietta. 訪茶. 大块文化. 2023: 34–35. ISBN 9786267206942. 
  2. ^ 茶经/七之事页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),维基文库
  3. ^ 為什麼宋茶只有綠茶?. gushi.tw. [2018-08-10]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-02) (中文(台湾)). 
  4. ^ 杨文辉.关于白茶起源时期的商榷[J].茶叶通讯, 1985(1).
  5. ^ 包章泰. 中国名茶鉴赏投资指南. 北京:中国大地出版社. 2016.07: 132. ISBN 978-7-80246-867-2. 
  6. ^ Science Daily "White Tea Beats Green Tea In Fighting Germs". [2008-08-10]. (原始内容存档于2021-03-23). (May 28, 2004).
  7. ^ "New" white tea, surprisingly, may have a healthful edge. Environmental Nutrition. Sept 2003. FindArticles.com. 10 Dec. 2007. [1]页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  8. ^ Santana-Rios G, Orner GA, Amantana A, Provost C, Wu SY, Dashwood RH. "Potent antimutagenic activity of white tea in comparison with green tea in the Salmonella assay.". , Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, Vol. 495, no. 1-2, pp. 61-74. (22 Aug 2001).
  9. ^ Jenna M. Chin, Michele L. Merves, Bruce A. Goldberger, Angela Sampson-Cone, Edward J. Cone, Caffeine Content of Brewed Teas, Journal of Analytical Toxicology, Volume 32, Issue 8, October 2008, Pages 702–704, https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/32.8.702
  10. ^ Komes, D., Horzic, D., Belscak, A., Kovacevic Ganic, K., & Bljak, A. (2009). Determination of caffeine content in tea and maté tea by using different methods. Czech J. Food Sci, 27(1), S213-S216.
  11. ^ ABoxTik. 6 大白茶功效大公開!白茶是什麼茶?. aboxtik.com. 2022-09-14 [2023-09-06]. (原始内容存档于2023-09-06) (中文(繁体)). 
  12. ^ Linus Pauling Institute: Micronutrient Information Center. [2015-03-24]. (原始内容存档于2022-11-28). 
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白茶
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