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理塘土司

理塘土司
土司
创立1719年
灭亡1906年
原因:因巴塘事变被废除
统治中心四川省甘孜藏族自治州理塘县
政府
 • 类型宣慰使
 • 土司民族嘉绒藏族
 • 始封者勒安邦(正土司)
却吉降措(副土司)

理塘土司清朝时期在康区理塘(今四川省甘孜藏族自治州理塘县)世袭土司,有正副二名。其辖境东至雅江中流,西至二郎湾,南至拉空岭、瓮水关,北至昌台(涵盖了今理塘县、乡城县、稻城县以及雅江县和新龙县的一部分)[1],扼守云南四川西藏三地交界处,地理位置十分重要。理塘土司辖境分别与明正土司巴塘土司德格土司的辖境接壤,它们并称“康巴四大土司”。

理塘土司在元代属“吐蕃等路宣慰司都元帅府”的“奔不儿亦思则招讨司”,在明朝万历时期脱离中国,由当时的西藏政府派遣的“第巴”(营官)管理[1]。1719年,清朝派岳锺琪攻打藏区,以驱逐准噶尔汗国的势力。途经理塘和巴塘,当地土司投降。清朝在理塘设置理塘宣抚司,册封七世达赖的继父勒安邦为理塘大营官,即理塘正土司;原理塘寺的喇嘛却吉降措降为理塘二营官,即理塘副土司。

1725年雍正帝在岳锺琪的建议下实行藏区分治,将理塘和巴塘从达赖喇嘛直辖的西藏划出归四川管,其土司都由清廷任命。理塘土司下辖有五个长官司、一个土千户、一个土百户和三十九名部落头人,百姓共有6500多户[1]

1903年,光绪帝委派驻藏大臣凤全对康区经营。他野蛮干涉当地事务,并鼓动汉人移民康区进行开垦。这引起了藏人的不满,最终在1905年因为宗教和民族冲突引发巴塘事变,凤全在巴塘被杀。巴塘土司和理塘土司一起举起反清大旗。川滇边务大臣赵尔丰奉命率军前去镇压。理塘正土司四郎占兑阵亡,副土司阿乍兵败服毒自杀。1906年,理塘土司和巴塘土司被赵尔丰强制“改土归流”,正式废除。

参考资料

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 林俊华. 康巴四大土司之理塘土司 (第四期(总第211期)). 四川民族学院校报. 2014-06-10 [2015-08-05]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05). 
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理塘土司
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