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海纳螈属

海纳螈属
化石时期:365–363 Ma
泥盆纪法门期[1]
250px
海纳螈复原图
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
演化支 四足形类 Tetrapodomorpha
演化支 始四足类 Eotetrapodiformes
演化支 希望螈类 Elpistostegalia
演化支 坚头类 Stegocephalia
属: 海纳螈属 Hynerpeton
Daeschler et al., 1994
模式种
H. bassetti
Daeschler et al., 1994

海纳螈Hynerpeton),意为“海纳(Hyner)的爬行动物”,是一种原始的食肉四足生物,生活在距今约3亿6千万年前的泥盆纪水岸地区。虽然称为螈,但海纳螈并不是两栖类动物。泥盆纪晚期演化出大型植物森林,丰富的氧气被排放到大气之中;由于海纳螈有构造复杂的肺脏,使得海纳螈在陆地环境栖息有很大的优势。海纳螈的肺很可能与现代陆栖脊椎动物相当类似,由许多肺泡组成,可加强换气效率。目前海纳螈的化石只有不完整的碎块出土,包括两块肩胛骨、两块下颚、两块颊骨以及数块腹膜肋;肩胛骨的构造显示海纳螈是泥盆纪最早出现的四足动物先驱之一。化石大多发现于美国宾夕法尼亚州红山市(Red hill)的海纳。

这些古老的水岸两栖生物被认为是自肉鳍鱼纲生物所演化而来;鳍演化成肉状四肢,而演化为肺;然而目前没有足够的化石证据可以确认海纳螈是否是其后所有陆上脊椎动物的共同祖先。

相关影片

BBC于2005年发行的系列纪录片《与巨兽同行》的第一集中介绍了海纳螈,但该节目将海纳螈的演化来源错植为头甲鱼。节目中的海纳螈会大声咆哮,但目前并不清楚四足总纲的生物是否有这样的发声能力;此外,节目中出现的海纳螈身体光滑,富有粘液,节目解释为更方便在陆地上呼吸,然而海纳螈并不属于滑体亚纲,身体覆盖有坚硬的鱼鳞,同时四肢也不足以支撑他们像节目中那样求偶。

参考文献

  1. ^ Daeschler, Edward B.; Shubin, Neil H.; Thomson, Keith S.; Amaral, William W. A Devonian Tetrapod from North America. Science. 1994-07-29, 265 (5172): 639–642. Bibcode:1994Sci...265..639D. PMID 17752761. doi:10.1126/science.265.5172.639. 

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海纳螈属
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